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Syllogisms

The Building Blocks of Logic. Syllogisms. IF A=B And C=A Then B=C All humans have brains. Mrs. Miedwig is a human. Mrs. Miedwig has a brain. . It’s a little bit like math…. Sound= The premises are both unequivocally true Valid= One or both of the premises is up for debate

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Syllogisms

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  1. The Building Blocks of Logic Syllogisms

  2. IF A=B And C=A Then B=C All humans have brains. Mrs. Miedwigis a human. Mrs. Miedwighas a brain. It’s a little bit like math…

  3. Sound= The premises are both unequivocally true Valid= One or both of the premises is up for debate Invalid= The two premises do not have to lead to that conclusion Sound, Valid, or Invalid?

  4. Warrant: All humans have a heart. Data/ Support: Mrs. Miedwigis human. Claim: Mrs. Miedwighas a heart. Warrant: Good schools contain strong fine arts programs. Data/ Support: Crystal Lake South has a strong fine arts program. Claim: Crystal Lake South is a good school. Relationship to Toulmin

  5. A syllogism as stated in writing, typically with one premise missing. • Examples: • Assisted suicide is wrong because killing is wrong. • If killing babies is wrong, then abortion is obviously wrong. • Capital punishment is wrong because it is killing someone. Enthymeme

  6. Full syllogism – • All humans are mortal. (This one is left out of the enthymeme) • Michael is human. • Therefore, Michael is mortal. • Enthymeme – Michael is mortal because he’s human. Another Example

  7. “Since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.” Example in MLK

  8. Sincere criticism from good people should be answered. You are good people with sincere criticism. Your criticism should be answered. Syllogism

  9. “The purpose of our direct-action program is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation.” Another Example

  10. Situations that are crisis packed open the door to negotiation. The situation we are creating is crisis packed. Our situation will open the door to negotiation. Syllogism

  11. Look for assumptions in your own writing and be sure to defend them. • Look for assumptions in other people’s writing and attack them. (Debates!) • Watch out for invalid syllogisms/ invalid logic. • Example: Men are stronger than women, so women cannot serve in the military. Practical Application

  12. “While Mr. Boutwell is a much more gentle person than Mr. Connor, they are both segregationists, dedicated to maintenance of the status quo. I have hoped that Mr. Boutwell will be reasonable enough to see the futility of massive resistance to desegregation. But he will not see this without pressure from devotees of civil rights.” Example from MLK—Try to write out the syllogism on your own.

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