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How to Develop Balanced Biliteracy in Language Minority Children. Education 703.22 Fall 2010 Romina G. Ladner. Table of Contents. Research Design 3 Threats to Internal Validity 4 Threats to External Validity 5 Pretest and Posttest 6
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How to Develop Balanced Biliteracy in Language Minority Children Education 703.22 Fall 2010 Romina G. Ladner
Table of Contents • Research Design 3 • Threats to Internal Validity 4 • Threats to External Validity 5 • Pretest and Posttest 6 • Reading Levels Analysis 2008 & 2009 7 • Possible Reading Levels 2010 8 • 2nd Grade Reading Performance 9 • Possible Survey Responses 10 • Proposed Data Analysis and Correlation 11
Research Design • Pre-Experimental Design: One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. • Single Group: Single group is pre-tested (O), exposed to a treatment (X), and posttested (O). • Symbolic Design: OXO
Threats to Internal Validity • History: Poor weather conditions, student misbehavior, and classroom distractions. • Maturation: Students may lose interest in L1 and improve skills in L2. • Testing/Pre-test Sensitization: Students may do better on the post-test since they already had a pre-test. • Instrumentation: Researcher may not administered the test correctly or parents may not fully understand the survey. • Mortality: Possible students' drop outs and transfers. • Statistical Regression: Test scores may differ between the data obtained two years ago. • Differential Selection of Subjects: The group may be different due to transfers to other programs or changes in the classroom. • Selection-Maturation Interaction: Students’ progress in both languages may vary in terms of maturation an interaction.
Threats to External Validity • Ecological Validity: The results of this study may be generalized with other students that are in bilingual programs and need to achieve balance biliteracy. • Generalizable Conditions: The same program could be applied to other participants but the results may not be the same because of different variables like age, culture, education, etc. • Pre-Test Treatment: The pre-test questions may have an impact on the post-test scores. • Selection Treatment Interaction: Students were not randomly selected. • Experimenter Effects: The researcher may affect the performance and responses of the participants. • Reactive Arrangements/ Participants Effects: Students may react differently once they know they are involved in a action research study.
Pretest and Posttest Students will be given four exams (two in English and two in Spanish) to test their reading and writing skills in both languages. • Pretest: Two pretest will be given to students; one in English and one in Spanish. • Posttest: Two posttest will be given to students; one in English and one in Spanish.
Reading Levels Analysis 2008 & 2009 Reading Levels 2008 Reading Levels 2009
2nd Grade Reading Performance English Spanish
Possible Survey Responses How often do you read to your child? Every Day 3 Times a Week Once a Week Never (4) (3) (2) (1)
Resources • O’Connor – Petruso, S.,(2008) Stat.scales.analyses.threats.design.ppt.