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AP Chemistry Chapter 6 Notes. Periodic Law – properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic number. The moon’s phases and magazine subscriptions are also periodic…. Atomic Radius – (size) increases as you move top to bottom within a group or family
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Periodic Law – properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic number The moon’s phases and magazine subscriptions are also periodic…
Atomic Radius – (size) increases as you move top to bottom within a group or family (increases because the energylevels increase → high energy means further from the nucleus)
Atomic Radius – (size) increases as you move top to bottom within a group or family decreases as you move left to right because of effective nuclear charge→ more protons in the nucleus to attract the electrons closer
Effective Nuclear Charge (ENC) – pull of the nucleus on the valence energy level electrons (outer energy level electrons) increases left to right
Ionization Energy (IE) – energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom increases bottom to top and left to right
Electron Affinity (EA) – energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom increases bottom to top and left to right
Electronegativity – (EN) – measure of an atom’s pull on another atom’s electrons increases bottom to top and left to right
Shielding – layers of electrons that protect valence electrons from the pull of the nucleus increases top to bottom and constant left to right
metallic character – ease of losing an electron increases top to bottom and right to left
nonmetallic character – ease of gaining an electron increases bottom to top and left to right
ions – charged particles cations – positive ion formed from an atom losing an electron the atomic radius is always smaller than the parent atom because of fewer energy levels
Anions – negative ion formed from an atom gaining an electron the atomic radius is always larger than the parent atom because of electron repulsion
