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The lack of efficacy among voters today (II). Sandra M. Emerson PLS 205. Introduction. Importance of public involvement in republic Structure of government that is deliberately complex. . Literature Review. Demographic factors: Age Gender Ethnicity . Behavioral factors:
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The lack of efficacy among voters today (II) Sandra M. Emerson PLS 205
Introduction • Importance of public involvement in republic • Structure of government that is deliberately complex.
Literature Review Demographic factors: • Age • Gender • Ethnicity Behavioral factors: • Education attainment • Income • Party affiliation • Religious activity.
Methodology • ANES 2008 Female, HS educated white and mid 40s. • ∑ Efficacy
Other Demographic factors? Not Significant • Age • Ethnicity • Significant but not strong: religion and political party • Republican norm highest
Behavioral Factors • Education √ • Income √ • Efficacy with educationr = .216** P=.000 • Efficacy with Income • r=.171** p=.000
General Model Ŷ efficacy = Male+β* Education+β* Income • R2=.057 not robust
EDUCATION and EFFICACY Relationship between efficacy and years of education using quadratic (curve) model.
Findings Gender matters with efficacy but so might education. Need More concise ANES questions Qualitative approach to phenomena