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Mapping our world

2.1 Latitude and Longitude. Mapping our world. Cartography - science of map making. Uses imaginary gridlines to locate exact points on Earth The Equator separates the N and S hemispheres. The Prime Meridian separates the W and E hemispheres. Latitude. Run parallel to the Equator

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Mapping our world

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  1. 2.1 Latitude and Longitude Mapping our world

  2. Cartography- science of map making • Uses imaginary gridlines to locate exact points on Earth • The Equator separates the N and S hemispheres • The Prime Meridian separates the W and E hemispheres

  3. Latitude • Run parallel to the Equator • The Equator is 0o latitude • The poles are located at 90o N and 90o S

  4. Longitude • Semicircles that extend pole to pole • The Prime Meridian is 0o longitude • Points west are numbered 0o-180o W • Points east are numbered 0o-180o E

  5. Time Zones • There are 24 time zones on Earth • Approx. 15o wide • Some time zone boundaries may be shifted in order to make it more convenient locally

  6. U.S Time Zones

  7. Calendar Dates • The International Date Line is located at the 180o meridian • Traveling west across the International Date Line, you would move into tomorrow • Traveling east across the International Date Line, you would move into yesterday

  8. 2.2 Types of Maps Mapping our world

  9. Maps- flat projections of a 3D Earth • Mercator Projection • Parallel lines of latitude and longitude • Landmasses near poles are exaggerated

  10. Conic Projection • Projects points and lines from a globe onto a cone • Distorts at top and bottom • Very accurate for small maps • Used for making road and weather maps

  11. Gnomonic Projection • Makes Great Circles • Distort land and distance • Shortest distance between two points • Useful for plotting long distance air and sea travel

  12. Topographic Maps • Detailed maps showing hills and valleys • Show changes in elevation • Mountains • Rivers • Forests • Etc…

  13. Topographic Maps • Contour Lines • Connect points of equal elevation • Never cross • Contour Intervals • Steeper terrain will have closer lines or larger intervals • See Index Contours

  14. Depression Contour Lines • Distinguish areas of lower elevation than the surrounding terrain • Volcanic craters • Mines • Sinkholes

  15. Map Legends and Scales • Map Legends • Explanation of symbols found on a map • Map Scales • Ratio between the distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of the Earth • May be graphic or verbal

  16. 2.3 Remote Sensing Mapping our world

  17. Remote Sensing • The process of collecting data about Earth from far above Earth’s surface

  18. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Satellites detect different wavelengths of energy reflected or emitted from Earth’s surface Visible light, gamma rays, X rays, UV rays, infrared rays, radio waves, and microwaves

  19. Landsat Satellites • Use visible light and infrared radiation to map Earth’s surface • This picture shows how the Texas coast was scarred by Hurricane Ike

  20. Global Positioning System (GPS) • Radio-navigation system of at least 24 satellites • Allows users to determine exact position on Earth

  21. Sea Beam • Relies on sonar to map ocean floor • Uses sound waves to detect and measure objects under water • Sound waves are sent out and a receiving device picks up the echo and calculates the distance

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