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Assess the extent of political, economic and social change since the death of Mao Zedong.

Assess the extent of political, economic and social change since the death of Mao Zedong. . Deng takes control. 1978 at the Third Plenum of the Central Committee of the CCP – Deng confirmed as “paramount leader” Outmanoeuvred his rivals Excellent connections in party, State and PLA

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Assess the extent of political, economic and social change since the death of Mao Zedong.

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  1. Assess the extent of political, economic and social change since the death of Mao Zedong.

  2. Deng takes control • 1978 at the Third Plenum of the Central Committee of the CCP – Deng confirmed as “paramount leader” • Outmanoeuvred his rivals • Excellent connections in party, State and PLA • Hua demoted to junior Vice Chairman. Gang of 4 arrested. • See page 156 Access to History

  3. To what extent did China change economically after the death of Mao? 1978 – The Four Modernisations • Reform Agriculture • Reform Industry • Reform Defence • Reform Education • Political freedom “It does not matter whether a cat is black or white, as long as it catches the mouse it is a good cat.”

  4. Deng’s economic aims • A Ten year plan • Use the market to kickstart China’s economy • Open up trade to the world • Allow development of private businesses • Encourage joint ventures with foreign investment • Hands-off policy • SOEs remain key but greater freedom to managers and experts • Key phases: 1978-84 Agriculture, 1984+ Industry

  5. How did Agriculture change under Deng? • Collectivisation ended. Land rented on 15 year leases to peasants to farm privately • Communes and targets replaced by xiang and “household responsibility system” with scope for private profit • Grain and meat production improved significantly (Page 160 Access) • BUT little incentive to improve land – often leased

  6. How did Industry change under Deng? • Education expanded to promote industrial growth and scientific education • Train a million technical students • Schemes to study in the West (Jung Chang) • But education spend only 10% total spending ($7 per student) and many students stayed in the West 2. Set up Special Economic Zones (SEZs) • Tax concessions to enable them to open up trade to the world • Exports rose by 500% • Wage incentives introduced to encourage higher production

  7. How did Industry change under Deng? BUT ... • No more “iron rice bowl”/ guaranteed jobs – this led to resistance to change and slow progress eg labour-contract scheme • Greater rich/poor gap • SOEs no longer had state subsidies – had to be competitive/ efficient • SEZs led to wealth gap coastal/ western China BUT... • GDP rose by 250% 1979-89

  8. To what extent did China change socially after Mao? The One Child Policy • Introduced in 1979 against “the enemy in the womb” – replaced “late, long, few” • 1950s and 60s – population growth had been encouraged • By 1980 1 billion population and growing – heading for crisis

  9. The One Child Policy • Minimum age for marriage set at 20 (women), 22 (men) • Had to get approval of xiang and pass test in family planning! • Privileges for children and families with 1 child only • BUT ... • Successful in cities but less in rural areas • Enforced abortions • Corruption allegations • Population continues to rise "It is forbidden to discriminate against, mistreat or abandon baby girls."

  10. To what extent did China change politically after Mao? • Central Committee 1981 – Mao was 70% right and 30% wrong • Also – “gross mistakes made during the Cultural Revolution” • 1981 – Gang of Four Imprisoned • Charged with betraying Mao and the Chinese Revolution • This marked the end of Maoism • BUT ...

  11. Deng was a hardline communist The Four Cardinal Principles • Keep to the Socialist Road • Uphold the people’s democratic dictatroship • Uphold leadership by the CCP • Uphold Marxism-Leninism and MZ Thought i.e – keep the existing system • Party is entitled to obedience of the people as leader and shaper of their futures • China needs a period of stability after chaos C.R • Rebuild morale and standing of the CCP

  12. Deng and Protest • The Democracy Wall • The Democracy Movement – called for the rule of the people • Wei Jingsheng called for the “fifth modernisation” – jailed for 15 years • Corruption – eg in Heilongjiang – uncovered by a journalist • 1986 – student protests against corruption, for democracy and economic change • Led by FengLizhi. HuYaobang (CCP General Secretary) sacked

  13. Tiananmen Square • Read pages 166-172 of Access to History Find out • Why did the protest in Tiananmen Square take place in 1989? • What happened during the protest? • How did the authorities react? • What does this event tell us about how far politics had changed since Mao’s death? • What is the significance of this event?

  14. Revision/Homework • Essay question on Key Issue 6 • Take part in the Google Docs debate – When should Mao have died? • Reading • Article on Mao – Hero or oppressor? • Photocopied chapter on Origins Cultural Revolution • Chapter 5 of Access to History – Social Changes 4. Visit the Wiki • Structure your revision around the key issues • 3 Thursday factual tests • My email jhoar1949@googlemail.com

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