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The Pressure to Expand

http://www.worldpress.org/images/maps/world_600w.jpg. The Pressure to Expand. Angela Brown Chapter 9 Section 1. Learning Targets:. Explain some of the reasons for the growth of imperialism around the world. Summarize the American view regarding imperialism prior to 1890.

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The Pressure to Expand

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  1. http://www.worldpress.org/images/maps/world_600w.jpg The Pressure to Expand Angela Brown Chapter 9 Section 1

  2. Learning Targets: • Explain some of the reasons for the growth of imperialism around the world. • Summarize the American view regarding imperialism prior to 1890.

  3. http://nsstc.uah.edu/~sundar/Teaching/SRS2/SRS2Index.htm • U.S. powerful industrial economy = overproduction of food and goods = financial panic and depression • Some people began to believe that the U.S. had a duty to carry democratic values and Christianity to others around the globe.

  4. Growth of Imperialism • The late 1800s marked the peak of European imperialism with much of Africa and Asia under foreign domination. • Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations – economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.

  5. Why Imperialism Grew • Economic Factors – nations needed new markets and natural resources: rubber and petroleum • Nationalistic Factors– nationalism – devotion to one’s country European nations competed for large empires

  6. Military Factors- European military forces were superior to African and Asians due to technology. Required fuel/supplies for bases around the world. • Humanitarian Factors– Colonial officials, doctors, and missionaries believed they had a duty to spread the blessings of Western Civilization, including law, medicine and religion

  7. Europe Leads the Way • Improved transportation and communication aided European nations imperialism. • By 1890 the U.S. wanted to join in • Supporters of expansion denied that the U.S. sought to annex foreign lands. • Annex – join new territory to an existing country

  8. The U.S. and Imperialism • 1866, Sec. Of State, Seward sent 50,000 troops to the Mexican border after France placed an emperor on the Mexican throne. • The French abandoned their venture. • 1867 Seward bought Alaska from Russia “Seward’s Folly”. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/alaska/map.GIF

  9. Most Americans ridiculed the purchase of “walrus covered icebergs” • Seward educated the nation about Alaska’s rich resources • The Senate ratified the purchase. http://www.onlyalaska.com/photo/displayimage.php?album=11&pos=0

  10. 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry, sailed into Tokyo Bay and convinced Japan to open trade relations with the United States. • 1860 – U.S. and Europe signed treaties with China for extended trade. • 1867, Seward annexed the uninhabited Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean as refueling and repair stations for naval vessels. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/cia05/midway_islands_sm05.gif

  11. Midway island is located 1/3 of the way between Hawaii and Tokyo. • 1875, treaty with Hawaii to sell sugar to U.S. duty free, as long as they did not sell or lease territory to any foreign power. • 1890s opinions regarding international affairs differed among Americans.

  12. Promoting Economic Growth • Many business leaders agreed the economic problems of the U.S. could only be solved by expanding its markets. • In 1880s and 1890s Standard Oil, American Telephone and Telegraph, McCormick farm machines, Singer sewing machines, Kodak cameras and Sherman-Williams paint had all become popular internationally.

  13. http://tropicaltreefarms.com/htm/main/maps.htm • 1884, Minor C. Keith provided financial services to the Costa Rican government and won long-term leases for lands and railroad lines. • 1913 Keith’s United Fruit Company exported 50 million bunches of bananas a year to U.S. and dominated governments of Costa Rica, Guatamala, and Honduras. • Nicknamed Central American nations banana republics.

  14. Protecting American Security • Naval officers joined with business to convince Congress to build modern steam-powered steel-hulled ships to protect overseas trade. • 1881 Congress established a naval advisory board • 1883 authorized the building of three cruisers and two battleships, including U.S.S Maine. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/maine.htm

  15. 1890 Naval Act called for construction of more battleships, gunboats, torpedo boats, and cruisers • 1900 U.S. had one of the most powerful navies in the world.

  16. http://www.allenscreations.com/images/mgptr.jpg Preserving American Spirit • Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, historian Frederick Jackson Turner, and young politician Theodore Roosevelt argued that a quest for empire might restore the countries pioneer spirit. • Lost due to closing of frontier.

  17. Drew on doctrine of social Darwinism to justify takeover of new territories. • The civilizations produced by Anglo-Saxon people were superior to the societies they conquered. • Expansion not only this nation’s destiny but a noble pursuit.

  18. Public Opinion Leans Toward Expansion • Gradually public opinion warmed to the idea of expansion. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/WF1.WORLD.JPG

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