Compare/Contrast

1. Compare/Contrast NC Constitution PREAMBLE “We the people…” “…preservation of the American Union…” “…civil, political, and religiousliberties…” “…our posterity…” “…ordain and establish this Constitution. A religious reference US Constitution PREAMBLE “We the People…” “…in order to form a more perfect Union…” “…Blessings of Liberty…” “…our posterity…” “…ordain and establish this Constitution…”

2. NC Constitution *Preamble *14 Articles Declaration of Rights (Article I) 14th Amendment applies (state laws must be applied equally to everyone) sovereignty of the people separation of power – 3 branches checks & balances Frequent & fair elections Right to assemble & petition Religious liberty Freedom of speech and press Education Ex post facto laws slavery Equal protection of the laws Rights of the accused Right of jury trial in civil and criminal cases Bails, fines & punishments Right to bear arms Quartering of soldiers Other rights of the people Rights of victims of crime Executive – Governor Lt. Governor (elected) General Assembly Impeachment No poll tax Voting – Article VI Local Government – Article VII Education – Article IX Amending “full faith and credit clause” (states work together) US Constitution • Preamble • 7 Articles • Bill of Rights • 14th Amendment • Supremacy Clause Legislative separation of Executive power Judicial checks & balances • Other Amendments (27 total) • Election Day (II) • Ex post facto laws • 13th Amendment • 5th, 6th,7th 14th, Amendments • 6th & 7th Amendments • 8th Amendment • 2nd Amendment • 3rd Amendment • 9th Amendment • Executive – President • Vice President • CONGRESS • Impeachment • 24th Amendment • Voting – 15th, 17th, 19th, 23rd,24th, 26th • Amending • “full faith and credit clause” (IV)

3. Chapter 8, Section 1 Remember you read and took notes on this section in class. Several of your classmates presented this information, and I went over it as well. You should have notes to review this section.

4. Chapter 8 - Section 2 STATE LEGISLATURES – How are they similar to Congress? GENERAL ASSEMBLY (NC) = CONGRESS Make laws! Bicameral (Nebraska is the only state that has a unicameral legislature.) House of Representatives (larger of the 2 houses) & Senate Each state is divided into districts (state districts and Congressional districts). EX: NC is divided into 120 state districts and 11 Congressional districts.

5. Reynolds v. Sims, 1964 • Districts must be equal in population • Upheld the principle of “one person, one vote”

6. Qualifications &Terms of “Legislators” • US citizen • Resident of the district they represent • NC – no limits on the number of terms that can be served

7. Leadership STATE CONGRESS Lt. Governor (Senate) Vice President (Senate) Speaker of the House Speaker of the House

8. How a bill becomes a law • Idea • Bill is introduced (by a Senator or Representative) • Bill is sent to committee • Bill reaches the floor • Bill is debated • Bill is voted on; if passed, it goes to the second house and the process begins all over. • If the 2 Houses pass different versions of the same bill, it goes to a joint committee to reach a compromise version of the bill. • Once the bill has passed both Houses, it goes to the governor who can sign the bill into law or veto. • NC’s governor did not have the power to veto until 1996. NC’s governor does not have the power to reject only a part of a bill (a line-item veto.)

9. How Citizens Participate in Lawmaking • Constituents – refers to the people represented by legislators • Initiative – start new legislation (p. 211) • Referendum • recall

10. Review • What are 3 ways that citizens are able to have a direct role in making laws? • TRUE OR FALSE: In most states, the position of Lt. Governor is appointed by the governor. • TRUE OR FALSE: All state election districts must be as equal in population as possible. • TRUE OR FALSE: Nebraska has a unicameral legislature. • Who presides over the State Senate?

11. REVIEW FROM FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18 • How are State Constitutions similar to the US Constitution? • Both have a preamble • Both include a Bill of Rights • Both state the powers of the 3 branches of government • Both have an amendment process

12. What is a state legislature? • What is the state legislature similar to? • What is North Carolina’s legislature called? • A lawmaking body • Congress • General Assembly

13. How is Congress similar to state legislature? • Both have a bicameral legislature (2-houses) except for Nebraska) • Both have a House of Representatives & a Senate Congress represents the nation. State legislatures represent all citizens of the state equally. Each state is divided into districts with approximately the same number of people in each district.

14. Chapter 8, Section 3 • The State Executive Branch ROLES/POWERS OF THE GOVERNOR • Chief Executive *Make appointments, confirmed by the Senate *Implement (carry out) laws *prepares a budget * supervises State employees Note: Most state government jobs are open to any qualified citizen who passes a state exam. However, some state jobs are filled through patronage. See page 215.

15. Chief Legislator *proposes/submits laws *signs bills into law *can veto bills 3. Party Leader

16. Terms • 2 terms • A term is 4 years.

17. Other powers • The heads of the state police force and state militia report to the governor. • Can call out the National Guard in times of emergency such as a hurricane. • Can pardon prisoners.

18. How are the powers of the Governor similar to the powers of the President? Governor • executes/enforces laws • Chief legislator – proposes laws • (Chief executive) – prepares a budget, make appointments, supervise state agencies, pardons • Political party leader – the head of his political party President • executes/enforces laws • Legislative Leader – proposes laws, prepares a budget • Chief Executive – appoints, pardons • Party Leader

19. Other officials • Secretary of State – keeps state records, carries out election laws (Recall: How does the Secretary of State for the 50 states differ from the President’s Secretary of State? • Attorney General – in charge of the state’s legal business • State Treasurer • State Auditor – ensures public funds are used correctly; also called the comptroller • Superintendent of Public Instruction – carries out the policies of the State Board of Education.

20. Other State Officials cont. • Lt. Governor – is like the Vice President; becomes the (head of the state) governor if the governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office. Also serves as the presiding officer of the state senate. • The Lt. Governor and the Governor do not have to be of the same political party!

21. Review • The name for people represented by a lawmaking body. • Title for the chief executive of a state. • The person who succeeds the governor if the governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office. • The term for giving jobs to people who provided valuable help during the election campaign. • What is another name for the state auditor?

22. Chapter 8Section 4 State Courts • Hear criminal & civil cases • Trial courts (district & superior) • Appeals courts • State Supreme Court • Supreme Court judges are elected or can be appointed. Federal Courts *hear criminal & civil cases • District/trial courts • Appeals courts • US Supreme Court • Supreme Court judges are always appointed.

23. Reminder: State and Federal courts apply and enforce criminal and civil laws.

24. Terms to know • Penal code • Justice of the peace • Is a set of criminal laws • Is also called the “magistrate” – can perform a marriage ceremony and informs a person whose been arrested of their charges and bail

25. Selecting Judges • Through an election • Some State Supreme Court judges are appointed • Missouri Plan • NC’s Supreme Court justices are elected. • A method of selecting judges in which a committee of judges, lawyers, and ordinary citizens prepare a list of qualified judges and the governor appoints a judge from the list.