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Ardeana Kowalski & Amy Grant-Rau School Health MCHD

DIABETES. Ardeana Kowalski & Amy Grant-Rau School Health MCHD. Diabetes Info Fast and Furious Facts …. 23 million have diabetes in the US 5-10%Type 1 1 in every 400 kids have Type I diabetes Type II diabetes is significantly rising in children CMS has about 400 children with Type1

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Ardeana Kowalski & Amy Grant-Rau School Health MCHD

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  1. DIABETES Ardeana Kowalski & Amy Grant-Rau School Health MCHD

  2. Diabetes Info Fast and Furious Facts … • 23 million have diabetes in the US • 5-10%Type 1 • 1 in every 400 kids have Type I diabetes • Type II diabetes is significantly rising in children • CMS has about 400 children with Type1 (unknown how many with Type11) • Diabetes is the 5th leading cause of death • Three types of diabetes • Type I (Insulin Dependent) • Type II (Diet Controlled) • Gestational (Pregnancy Onset)

  3. What Is Diabetes? • A disorder of the pancreas -The pancreas stops making insulin, an essential hormone in the body. • Insulin is the key that allows glucose to enter the cells. • Glucose is used by every cell in the body for energy

  4. The body produces no keys (no insulin production) ( Type 1 Diabetes) Or, the body produces defective keys that will not open, the cell door locks. (Type 2 Diabetes-Insulin Resistance) Diabetes occurs when either:

  5. Diabetes is: • NOT contagious • NOT caused by eating too much sugar • Is caused by the body’s inability to make insulin • Results in high blood sugar levels • Can be treated only with a combination of insulin, diet and exercise

  6. Type 1 Diabetes • Auto-immune component • Cannot be prevented • Defect in carbohydrate metabolism • Pancreas unable to make insulin • Need insulin injections

  7. Type 2 Diabetes • Accounts for more than 90% of the diabetes population in the world! • Cells become resistant to insulin • Usually because of insulin deficiency • Can usually control with diet & exercise • 80% of Type 2 cases are preventable

  8. Blood Sugar Monitoring • Tips for assisting a child with blood sugar monitoring: • Make sure the hands are warm, clean & dry • Wear gloves (Universal Precautions) • Set up meter with the test strip (most meters turn on when you place the strip in) • Make sure the meter is coded for the test strip used

  9. Treatment Options: Type 1 Currently most students are taking insulin by: syringe insulin pen device INSULIN PUMP Insulin pump is a machine that uses a small catheter under the skin to deliver insulin. (The pump is about the size of a pager)

  10. Carbohydrate Counting • Carbohydrate is found in the food we eat. • When digested, carbohydrates breakdown into sugar. • Examples of carbohydrate include breads, rice, cereal, potatoes, cake, fruit and many others!

  11. Hyperglycemia HIGH (High Blood Sugar Is NOT A Medical Emergency) • May occur if student: • Is becoming ill (even a cold) • Eats too much • Misses insulin dose • Or not enough insulin on board • Is under a lot of stress (exams, emotional, etc) • Certain medications • Can result in ketoacidosis

  12. Treatment of Hyperglycemia HIGH • Test blood sugar • Check Health Care Plan. • Notify parents if over 250mg/dL • Drink water • Insulin

  13. Hypoglycemia LOW (Low Blood Sugar) • Most likely to occur: • When meals or snacks are missed or delayed • An insulin dose that is too high • Extra exercise or activity • When strenuous activity occurs just before lunch • During a lengthy field trip or field day activity. (Remember to have a snack when going out for fire drills)

  14. SYMPTOMS OF LOW BLOOD SUGAR LOW • Weakness or tiredness • Shaking • Headache • Anxious, Pale • Personality Changes

  15. Treatment of Hypoglycemia LOW • Conscious and able to swallow: • Glucose tablets--start with 2-4 • 4 oz. Juice (apple or OJ) • Wheat Crackers & cheese or Ritz Crackers (with Cheese) • Milk • Regular soda (not diet) is an option though just like a candy bar it will spike up the BS quickly, but not last • Symptoms should improve within 10-15 minutes.If not, repeat. • If longer than 1 hour until next meal or snack, give small snack containing protein (cheese crackers or milk) • IF NO METER IS AVAILABLE & THE STUDENT FEELS SICK, GO AHEAD & TREAT AS IF STUDENT IS LOW

  16. Treatment of Hypoglycemia LOW • Conscious, but uncooperative, or disoriented • Give glucose gel, tube of clear frosting or packet of honey • Lay student on side and squeeze into pocket of the cheek (just like Skol !)

  17. Treatment of Hypoglycemia LOW • Unconscious or having a seizure Not enough sugar is getting to brain! • Call 911 immediately • Give Glucagon if ordered • Give nothing by mouth • Notify parents

  18. Hints for Success • Develop good relationship with parents/guardians; they know your student’s health concerns well. • Follow accommodations as listed in the health care plan &/or 504/IEP. • Notify family early of field trip plans. • Notify family of special events that may involve classroom treats or changes in the school lunch schedule. • Don’t hesitate to ask questions about care.

  19. ...Please Remember • Never allow student to walk alone when feeling low (to go check blood sugar) • Allow free bathroom privileges • Allow water bottle or access to fluids • Allow snacks when feeling low &/or certain snack break • Encourage BS testing prior to big exams (EOGs) or allow to re-test if it is felt BS affected the results

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