Chapter 4

1. Chapter 4 OPERATING YOUR LANDFARM

2. General Objective • Explain required sampling and waste analysis

3. Specific Objectives • Describe the importance of soil testing • Understand waste application restrictions • Understand the importance of recordkeeping

4. Testing, Sampling, & Analysis

5. Regulatory Parameters Metal concentration values shall be determined and reported on a dry weight basis If the lab report does not contain the dry weight conversion,one can simply divide the milligrams/liter (mg/L) by % total solids/100 to obtain the dry weight analysis

6. Pathogen and Vector Demonstration Material that is to be land applied must be demonstrated to contain a safe level of pathogenic organisms as well as a reduced potential to attract disease vectors and create odors the Division does not have specific regulatory guidelines on methods to test for pathogen levels or vector attraction reduction

7. Pathogen and Vector Demonstration • One of the commonly used methods to demonstrate PSRP equivalency is fecal coliform testing. • The two most common methods to achieve VAR are the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate test or incorporation/injection of material

8. Sampling Procedures & Frequency • sample must be collected close to the time of the application so as to be as representative as possible of the applied material • obtain the proper containers, employ the appropriate preservation methods, collect the minimum required sample volume, and meet the required timeframes for delivery to the laboratory

10. Soil Sampling and Analysis • sample should represent each individual permitted field • Analyses will help to determine the lifespan of your facility, which is based upon the cation exchange capacity • the sample should be split into two subsamples

11. Waste Application Restrictions • Crop Restrictions • Leafy vegetables or root crops cannot be grown and harvested for human consumption within 12 months of the last waste application • Other crops cannot be grown and harvested for direct human consumption within 2 months of the last waste application • Dairy animal grazing is prohibited within 6 months and other animal grazing is prohibited within 3 months of the last application

12. Waste Application Restrictions Crop Restrictions The annual application rate of cadmium (Cd) cannot exceed 0.44 pounds per acre. Food chain crops cannot be utilized in the cropping season when annual cadmium (Cd) application exceeds 0.44 pounds per acre. Tobacco cannot be harvested within 5 years of the last waste application if the annual cadmium (Cd) application exceeds 0.44 pounds per acre at any time during the life of the landfarming site

13. Waste Application Restrictions • Weather Restrictions • Waste shall not be applied when the soil is frozen, snow-covered, ice-covered, water saturated, or during any precipitation event. • Surface water or liquid waste ponding within the application area shall not occur. • Both surface runoff and run-on shall be controlled

14. Waste Application Restrictions • Other Restrictions • Surface application without incorporation can only be used where either vegetation or crop residue covers at least 75% of the land surface • Incorporation of wastes must occur within 48 hours if incorporation is included in the management plan • All sludges must be processed to significantly reduce pathogens (PSRP) prior to land application

15. Waste Application Restrictions Other Restrictions A certified landfarming operator shall be available at the landfarming site during application. Hazardous wastes or waste mixtures containing hazardous wastes cannot be landfarmed. Toxic wastes cannot be stored, treated or land applied at a landfarming facility. The general public shall be restricted from the waste application area during application and for at least 12 months after the last application unless the waste has undergone a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP). Waste shall not be applied at rates in excess of those approved in the permit. No raw or unstabilized waste shall be landfarmed. Surface waste applications shall not be greater than one-half (1/2) inch in average thickness.

16. Recordkeeping Operators should prepare a sampling plan that includes: Sample collection locations Volumes of sample to be collected Sample compositing procedures Days and times of collection Required equipment including type and size of containers and preservatives needed Instructions for labeling samples and ensuring the chain of custody The list of parameters to be analyzed A list of contact persons and telephone numbers in case unexpected difficulties arise during sampling

17. Recordkeeping • use a Chain of Custody (COC) to establish documentation necessary to trace sample possession from the time of collection • verify with the Division that all necessary parameters have been included on the list, and that no unnecessary parameters are included • Polychlorinated Biphenyls should be included in analysis for waste characterization at the time the waste is being permitted

18. Recordkeeping • waste sampling events should occur immediately before the material is removed for land application • Each sampling should be at least 30 days apart • Cluster sampling event in seasons when most land application is occurring

19. Log Sheets • Must be used every time land application occurs • Each load is a single entry • Date • Time • Application quality • Hauler’s initials

21. Annual Report • required to be submitted to the Division sixty (60) days prior to the anniversary date of the permit • Reports are due on or before February 19 each year • provides documentation of compliance with your permit

22. General Objective • Explain required sampling and waste analysis

23. Specific Objectives • Describe the importance of soil testing • Understand waste application restrictions • Understand the importance of recordkeeping