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SATIRE

SATIRE. …. is all ours. Cicero’s humor 1. A man is visiting a friend’s garden. The host points to a tree and explains, “this is the tree from which my wife hanged herself.” — Gee! Could I have sprout to plant it in my orchard? With some luck, my wife may get the same idea.

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SATIRE

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  1. SATIRE …. is all ours

  2. Cicero’s humor 1 • A man is visiting a friend’s garden. The host points to a tree and explains, “this is the tree from which my wife hanged herself.” • — Gee! Could I have sprout to plant it in my orchard? With some luck, my wife may get the same idea.

  3. Martial: Maronilla has a cough • Gemellus is eager to marry Maronilla • He insists, begs, and offers her gifts. • Is she so pretty? No! She really foul. • So why is is he after her? It’s the cough.

  4. Martial: While Teeth • Thais has black teeth, Laecania has white • Why? The first has her own.

  5. Traditional Latin entertainment: • Fescennine ritual jokes • Satura ‘medley’ • Atellane Oscan farce

  6. Fescennine • Originated at harvest festivals • Improvised at weddings and triumphs;

  7. Versus fescennini 2 • “Urbani servate uxores, moechum calvom adducimus” Suet. Iul. 51 “Citizens, hide your wives, We are brining in the bald ******

  8. Caesar’s soldiers were also mocking his meager vegetarian diet while in on campaign in Dyrrahium

  9. Catullus • Mr Dick is fooling around. Of course. • What else could he do with a name like this. • Maurra

  10. Plan • Historical survey of Roman satire • Focus on • HORACE • JUVENAL

  11. SATURA • Satyrus may be associated with Greek satyr plays • Lanx satura = a full dish, an offering at a harvest home including a variety of fruit • = pot pourri

  12. Satire linked to Ritual • Cursing • Shaming • Improvised Versus Fescennini • Cf.French charivari (mock serenade for the newlyweds)

  13. Satire and ritual • Public ritualized blame used to enforce community values and punish transgressions • Akin to, but more aggressive, than carnivalesque laughter

  14. Pieter Breughel The Elder Battle of carnival and lent

  15. Greek precedents • Mime (sketches depicting scenes from every-day life) • Diatribe (ethical sermon preached by a philosopher)

  16. Menippus of Gadara • third century BCE • a Cynic philosopher • wrote diatribes in a mixture of prose and poetry • mixture of seriousness and laughter

  17. By Diego Velasquez

  18. The genre • Early Roman satura • described by Livy • dramatic performance involving dance & music

  19. Roman Satire before Horace • Quintus Ennius (3rd-2nd BCE) four books in a variety of meters.

  20. Lucilius (2nd BCE) • Inventor of the genre • Specialized in personal invective • naming the victim • “After spending some money in his sleep, Hermon the miser was so mad hanged himself.”

  21. Varro • M.T. Varro 1st BCE volumes of satire imitating Menippus • “He who runs away his own, will run for a long time”

  22. Horace • Born at Venusia in 65 BCE • Son of a freedman, educated in Rome, and Athens. • 40 – 30 BCE Epodes and Satires

  23. Roman Satire after Horace and before Juvenal • Petronius (d. 66 CE) Satiricon, a novel in Meippean satire.

  24. Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis • 1st 2nd CE • Writing after the death of DOMITIAN • good rhetorical training • little interest in philosophy • Sixteen satires in hexameter, subdivided into five books.

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