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Drawing Instruction in the Common School

Drawing Instruction in the Common School. Chapter 4. The Common School. A school for the masses. . Common School Advocates. William Bentley Fowle Influenced by educational discussion based in Pestalozzian theory Innovations: Textbooks (Linear Drawing) Blackboards Linear drawings

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Drawing Instruction in the Common School

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  1. Drawing Instruction in the Common School Chapter 4

  2. The Common School A school for the masses.

  3. Common School Advocates William Bentley Fowle • Influenced by educational discussion based in Pestalozzian theory • Innovations: • Textbooks (Linear Drawing) • Blackboards • Linear drawings • Printing • Physical exercise • Needlework • Music • ELLIMINATION of corporal punishment

  4. Common School Advocates Horace Mann • Lawyer • 1837 Elected to a position on the Massachusetts Board of Education • “Public school, operating under the authority of the state, was an instrument of universal enlightenment.”

  5. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Developed the first orphaned boy’s schools in Switzerland in the aftermath of the Napoleonic War in response to reading EMILE Developed ABC der Anschauung Drawing system based in in the belief that drawing could be taught like reading, the “letters” being lines, curves & angles

  6. Pestalozzian Drawing System: Control & Practice of Proportion Geometry (Shape & Line Division) “ Arrange knowledge in gradual steps so the difference … shall be …imperceptible” “Make the simple perfect before going on to the complex”

  7. Cincinnati & Cleveland Drawing in Curriculum 1842 Heavy German (Prussian) settlement

  8. 1808 Neef to Philadelphia Moved to remote Harmony, IN Limited transference of Pestalozzian principles

  9. U.S. Supporters of the Prussian Pestalozzi Pedagogy

  10. Barnard & Mann School as Moral Agency Proponents of the Common School Barnard: Connecticut Common School Journal & Barnard’s American Journal of Education Mann: (1837-1842) Common School Journal

  11. Horace Mann & Drawing • 1844 Pushing for Drawing • Moral Value • Trade prep • Was unsuccessful in getting the program established

  12. Art Crusaders, Chapman & Bartholomew Democratic Art for the masses 1847 Chapman publishes The American Drawing Book Based in Reynolds theories of beauty

  13. 1853 Krusi Jr. toOswego Normal School in New York Taught Philosophy of education, mathematics & Drawing Long Tenure =Significant Pestalozzian pedagogical impact

  14. 1870 Mass. mandates INDUSTRIAL drawing • Drawing = Industrial $$ • Perkins contacts Cole for a drawing instructor referral • Walter Smith is appointed: • First Art Supervisor for the state of Mass. • First Art Supervisor forBoston • Founder & head of the Mass. Normal Art School

  15. 1870 Mass. mandates INDUSTRIAL drawing • The Drawing Act Fell Short • Only applied to towns greater than 10,000 • No Funds • Supplies • Teachers • Education • Smith’s definition of industrial was not mechanical

  16. Walter Smith’s Vision • Graded Drawing Curriculum • Stilllife’s • Drawing Cards • Systamtic instruction of all classroom teachers • Exhibition of Student’s work • Normal Art School, Art Teacher Education

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