George Washington (1789 – 1797 )

1. George Washington(1789 – 1797) • He was America’s icon by 1788. • Father of the New Nation • Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. • Virginia planter • His home, Mount Vernon, faced the Potomac River.

3. The First Inauguration • 1789 in New York City. • Added “so help me God” • Father of our Country • On quarter, dollar bill, and Mt. Rushmore. • Four of the first five Presidents were from Virginia.

4. First InaugurationApril 30, 1789 • Oath of Office- “I do solemnly swear (affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

5. The Seven Precedents • Precedents: • Title “Mr. President” • Two-term tradition • Neutrality in foreign policy. • Sets Indian Policy • Cabinet • Executive Privilege • State of the Union delivered by others

6. Washington’s Touch • Creates a Cabinet: • State- Jefferson • Treasury- Hamilton • War- Knox • Attorney General - Randolph

7. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Two reports to Congress: aligned with wealthy creditors and bankers. Three Components of the Plan: 1. Bank of US (BUS)-(1791 – 1811) 2. Assumption of debts 3. Economy based on trade [Pro-British trade]

8. Hamilton’s Financial Plan

9. Judiciary Act of 1789 • Congress organized the federal judicial structure: • A Supreme Court = Chief Justice and 5 associate justices. • 13 federal district courts were created. • Allowed state court decisions to be appealed to a federal court when constitutional issues were raised (Section 25). John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

10. Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 • This was a chance for the federal government to show it could enforce its law. • Federal army under Washington scattered the rebellion. • It consolidated federal power in domestic affairs.

11. Shay’s RebellionversusWhiskey Rebellion • Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey produced in the backcountry regions of the states. • Angry farmers in western Pennsylvania • Washington marched an army into the region and ended the rebellion. Shay’s rebellion caused by debt for farmers in Massachusetts. Confederation government had no power to end it. Showed weaknesses of the Articles.

12. Alexander Hamilton Federalist • Pro-British • Favors a strong central government • Rule by wealthy elite • Loose interpretation • (Bank of U.S.) • Supports shipping and manufacturing • Fears mob rule • Central govt. fund all debts: state, war debts, national debt

13. Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republicans • Pro- French • Favors weak central • Government • States' rights • Strict interpretation • (Bank of U.S.) • Favors agrarian society • Favors plain people

14. The Two-Party SystemHamilton’s Federalists Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans • Washington tried to warn against this system • The two parties split over: 1. Hamilton’s financial plan 2. the Jay Treaty 3. the handling of the Whiskey Rebellion.

16. French Revolution • Began in 1789 • Federalists (Pro-British) vs. Jefferson’s DR (Pro-French) • U.S. still bound by Franco-American Alliance (1778) • Example: Genet incident (1793)

17. Neutrality Proclamation • Issued in 1793 • It proclaimed the U.S. would support neither the British or the French in their ongoing war. • Everyone agreed that a war was not in the nations best interest.

18. Jay Treaty,1794 • British agreed to pull out of NW territory forts. • Did not agree to stop seizures, impressments, or giving the Native Americans weapons. 3. Jay hated in America. 4. GW used “executive privilege” to protect Jay from the Democratic-Republicans. John Jay Federalist

19. Pinckney Treaty, 1795 • Spain gave up land claims east of the Mississippi (except Florida). • Right of deposit on the Mississippi River Thomas Pinckney