Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader for Veterinary Medicine

1. Agroterrorism/Bioterrorism:Potential Occurrences and Emergency Management of Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader for Veterinary Medicine Texas Cooperative Extension Texas A&M University System

2. US Threatened by Potential Occurrences of FEADs • Foreign animal diseases • Not currently present in US • Accidental and intentional risks for entry • Travelers • Meat products • Garbage • Bioterrorists

3. Emerging animal diseases A new disease or a new form of an old endemic disease Natural, accidental and intentional risks of emergence Zoonotic diseases Diseases shared by animals and people Various FEADs

4. Types of Occurrences of FEADs • Natural • Accidental • Intentional (Bioterrorist Act)

5. Devastating Impacts of Animal Disease Outbreaks • Economic impacts • Sociologic impacts • Emotional impacts • Political impacts

7. Foot and Mouth Disease • Not in U.S. • A reportable disease • Viral disease • Domestic and wild cloven-hoofed livestock • Blisters and sores in mouth and on feet • TAHC ban • Meat garbage feeding to swine

18. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)Mad Cow Disease • Not in U.S. • A reportable disease • Prion disease • Cattle • People (vCJD) – zoonotic disease • Brain disease in cattle – rabies symptoms

19. Not contagious • Reduced risks of entry and spread • USDA bans • Feed bans • Slaughter bans • Import bans

23. Cervid Spongiform EncephalopathyChronic Wasting Disease (CWD) • In U.S. • A reportable disease • Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, S. Dakota, Utah, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Illinois, New York, W. Virginia, Montana, Oklahoma, Kansas

24. Prion disease? • Deer and elk • Brain disease – rabies symptoms • Chronic emaciation disease • Restricted importation into States • Voluntary CWD Monitoring Program • Hunter-Killed Testing Program

25. Deer with CWD

26. Elk with CWD

27. Anthrax • In U.S. • A reportable disease • Bacterial disease • Domestic and wild livestock • People – zoonotic disease • Endemic Southwest Texas • IH-10 X IH-35 Triangle

29. West Nile Encephalitis • In US • A reportable disease • Viral bird disease – >100 species • Blue jays, crows, hawks • Encephalitis death

30. Transmission • Virus in bird blood • Mosquito (>75 species) bite bird • Mosquito bite mammal – virus not in blood (dead end) • Horse – rabies symptoms • People – zoonotic disease

32. Bovine Tuberculosis • In US • A reportable disease • Bacterial disease • Cattle • Chronic emaciation, respiratory distress • Tumor abscesses of lungs and lymph nodes

35. Bovine ParatuberculosisJohne’s Disease • In US • Not a reportable disease • Bacterial disease • Cattle • Chronic emaciation • Maldigestive enteritis – diarrhea

43. Avian InfluenzaAvian Flu Bird Flu • Viral disease • Migratory waterfowl • Domestic poultry • Virus in intestines • Virus shed in feces • A reportable disease

44. Two classifications – disease symptoms • Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) • Little risk to poultry industry • In US • Endemic disease • Most common class • High-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) • Serious damage to poultry industry • Not in US • Epidemic disease • Zoonotic disease (rare)

49. First Line of Defense in Emergency Management of FEADs • Education of first defenders is key • Animal owners • County Extension agents • Private veterinarians

50. Emergency Management of FEADs • Biosecurity is key • Early detection is key • Unusual signs • Rapid reporting is key • Rapid response is key • Prompt quarantine is key