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Foreign Animal Diseases in Poultry Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine

Foreign Animal Diseases in Poultry Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service The Texas A&M System http://aevm.tamu.edu. Improving Lives. Improving Texas. “Avian Flu” “Bird Flu”. Viral disease Two classifications or forms

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Foreign Animal Diseases in Poultry Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine

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  1. Foreign Animal Diseases in Poultry Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service The Texas A&M System http://aevm.tamu.edu Improving Lives. Improving Texas.

  2. “Avian Flu” “Bird Flu” Viral disease Two classificationsor forms • Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) • risk to poultry industry • reportable • endemic disease • most common class • High-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) • serious damage to poultry industry • reportable • epidemic disease Disease severity and symptoms determine class

  3. Zoonotic disease (Rare) HPAI class Mutates – potentially infectious to people limited bird to people via bird feces unusual people to people not a pandemic (global) human flu 115 human deaths (1/04-5/06) – SE Asia Human Flu: 36,000 human deaths/yr – US

  4. Vaccines under development Antiviral drugs available Accelerated monitoring and surveillance Advanced diagnostic technologies Advanced information delivery technologies

  5. Affects many bird species: • Chickens • Turkeys • Pheasants • Quail • Geese • Ducks • Guinea fowl

  6. Causative Agent Caused by influenza strain A virus • Over 144 subtypes of type HN • by combinations of H and N • H = Hemaglutinin • N = Neuraminidase • examples = H1N2, H2N2, H7N2

  7. Types H5 and H7 mutates from LPAI to HPAI FAD (not in US) Subtype H5N1 (epidemics) HPAI bird to bird, rarely to people Asia Subtype H7N7 (epidemics) HPAI bird to bird, rarely to people The Netherlands Various Subtypes of HN (endemics) LPAI bird to bird, not to people US

  8. Virus denatured by: • Heat • Proper cooking • Drying • Most disinfectants/detergents

  9. Transmission Natural reservoir: • Migratory waterfowl • Virus in intestines • Virus shed in feces

  10. “One gram of contaminated manure can contain enough virus to infect1 million birds.”

  11. Bird - bird direct contact • Feces • fecal to oral transmission most common • Saliva • Nasal excretions

  12. Bird – environment - bird indirect contact: • Mechanical contamination • Environmental transmission • Manure • Equipment • Vehicles • Egg flats • Crates • People articles

  13. Diagnosis LPAI • No symptoms • Low-risk virus HPAI • Symptoms • Sudden death before symptoms • High-risk virus • virulent • highly infectious • respiratory disease

  14. Symptoms: Sudden death Lack energy/appetite Decreased egg production Egg deformities Swellings Red and purple skin Nasal discharge Coughing/sneezing Incoordination Diarrhea

  15. BIOSECURITY! Lock houses Special clothing Don’t visit other houses Control visitors Cleanliness Submit sick birds Dispose of dead birds Restricted area signs No live-bird market birds Sanitary/disinfectant protocols Prevention

  16. Regulation and Eradication • Texas FEAD Response Plan • identify positive animals and destroy • reduce amount of time to get back test results • track origin of suspect animals • LPAI • quarantine • may destroy birds (depopulation) with evidence of mutation • disinfect premises • HPAI • quarantine • destroy birds (depopulation) • disinfect premises

  17. Previously known as Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease (VVND) Viral disease Affects all bird species Highly contagious Most infectious poultry disease Reportable Zoonotic Exotic Newcastle Disease

  18. Causative Agent • Virus • Serotype group Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) • Highly resilient

  19. Transmission • Virus excreted by • Feces • Nose • Mouth • Eyes • Virus enters by • Ingestion • Inhalation

  20. Spread by: • Direct contact • Mechanical means • Human contamination • Incubation periodis 2 to15 days • Highly contagious in all bird species • Some birds die without symptoms

  21. Diagnosis • Clinical signs include: • Respiratory • Digestive • Nervous • Egg production • Swelling • Death – if flocks are not vaccinated, death rate will be 100% if animals become infected

  22. Prevention • Maintain biosecurity measures • No pet birds • Diseased birds to diagnostic lab • Know health status of birds before bringing them to farm

  23. Regulation and Eradication • Texas FEAD Emergency Response Plan • identify positive animals and destroy • reduce amount of time to get back test results • track origin of suspect animals

  24. #1 response procedure is to destroy an infected flock and impose a strict quarantine. • Clean entire premises • Wait 30 days before repopulating • Control insect/rodent population

  25. Deactivate virus by: • Sun exposure (UV rays) • Rapid dehydration The virus can survive for weeks in warm, humid environments and indefinitely on frozen material.

  26. Poultry Biosecurity • Keep Your Distance • Keep It Clean • Don’t Haul Disease Home • Don’t Borrow Disease From Your Neighbor • Know the Warning Signs of Infectious Bird Diseases • Report Sick Birds

  27. Questions

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