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ICU Course

ICU Course. Dr Fraser Cameron. The State of the Union. Political Crisis due to failure to ratify constitutional treaty (France and NL) Budget fight ($100billion) 1.04% GDP Economy / which model? Anglo-Saxon, Nordic, Rhineland, New Member States

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ICU Course

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  1. ICU Course Dr Fraser Cameron

  2. The State of the Union • Political Crisis due to failure to ratify constitutional treaty (France and NL) • Budget fight ($100billion) 1.04% GDP • Economy / which model? Anglo-Saxon, Nordic, Rhineland, New Member States • Lisbon Agenda (to make EU most competitive economy by 2010) • Enlargement – Turkey $64,000?

  3. EU as a Global Actor • Interaction between internal and external policies eg coal and steel, agriculture, environment, internal market • Values eg democracy, human rights, death penalty, ICC, Kyoto • Neighbourhood top priority • EU/US > Friends or Rivals? • EU and “effective multilateralism”

  4. Development of CFSP • European Political Cooperation • 1992 Maastricht Treaty / CFSP • 1997 Amsterdam Treaty (Solana as High Representative) • 2001 Nice Treaty (Political and Security Committee, Military Committee) • Joint Actions, Common Positions

  5. The EU and the Balkans • 1991 break up of Yugoslavia “the hour of Europe” • 1995 Dayton / US settlement • 1999 Kosovo / US bombing • 2003 Thessalonika Road Map • How many countries? Serbia? Kosovo? Montenegro? Croatia, Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia

  6. Towards ESDP • CFSP needs armed forces • Kosovo < St Malo Anglo/French accord • 1999 Helsinki Headline Goals • 60,000 troops ready in 30 days for 12 month peacekeeping deployment • Capabilities • European defence agency • EU/NATO relations

  7. Enlargement of the EU • 1973 UK, Denmark, Ireland • 1984 Greece • 1986 Spain and Portugal • 1995 Sweden, Austria, Finland • 2004 Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Czech republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus

  8. Enlargement (2) • Future candidates ; Macedonia, Turkey, Croatia, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, • Western Balkans (Albania, Serbia [Kosovo, Montenegro], Bosnia/Herzogivina • Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan • Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine • Deepening v Widening • Can EU cope with 40 members?

  9. European Neighbourhood Policy • Consequence of last enlargement • Aimed at creating “ring of friends” • East = Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Caucasus • South = Mediterranean partners • Action Plans ; involvement in EU policies • Finance? Institutions?

  10. The EU and the Middle East • EU united behind UN resolutions after 1967 war • More willing to see Palestinian view • Close but difficult relationship with Israel • Barcelona process 10th anniversary • Association agreements • Security issues (demography, radical Islam, environment, economic failure)

  11. Transatlantic relations • EU and US biggest trade partners • $one billion a day relationship • End of Cold War changed paradigm • Disputes on Balkans, Middle East, Iran, Iraq, ICC, Kyoto • But still closest relationship • New Transatlantic Agenda (NTA) 1995 • Bush very unpopular in Europe

  12. EU/Asia • EU trying to promote regional integration, ASEAN, SARCC, ASEM • EU model not easily transferable • Differences on sovereignty, human rights, eg Burma • Fascination with China; huge growth in trade relations (but US suspicious eg arms embargo)

  13. EU:Asia (2) • EU/Japan Action Plan, what action? • Japan perceived as totally in US camp • EU/Korea, mainly trade based • EU/India, growing fast, recognition of India as regional, maybe global actor • ASEAN, East Asia Community, what future?

  14. The EU and Global Governance • EU stands for “effective multilateralism” but what does it mean? • Strong support for UN but problem of UNSC, German ambitions for a seat (US only supporting Japan) • High/level Panel, many useful ideas eg Peacebuilding Commission • WTO / IMF / World Bank / G8< reforms?

  15. EU and Development Aid • EU largest donor in the world • Main targets Africa and Asia • Special responsibility as former colonial empires • Many special relationships eg Belgium and the Congo, Portugal and Angola • Good governance key issue

  16. The EU and the UN • EU/UN relations developing fast • Crisis management main focus • EU very supportive of Kofi Annan’s reform agenda and Millenium Summit goals • But UNSC divisive issue • Regional bodies in UN system?

  17. Constitutional Treaty • Provides for EU foreign minister and EU foreign service with EU missions • Legal personality for Union • Structured cooperation in defence • Solidarity clause • Permanent president of the Council • More coherence, visibility, effectiveness

  18. Member States and the CFSP • CFSP/ESDP highly sensitive • Unlikely to change to community method • Many special ties, different histories, traditions, capabilities, interests • But working through EU better than trying to go it alone, slow process • Danger of a ‘directoire’ < but ad hoc groups eg on Iran acceptable

  19. Conclusions • CFSP/ESDP very new policy areas • Hardly ten years old / political will slow to develop • But Solana now widely regarded as ‘EU foreign policy chief’ • What ambitions for CFSP? Real global actor? Military capabilities? Able to look after own security?

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