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Lima’s Slums: Problems or Solutions?

Lima’s Slums: Problems or Solutions?. Professor Bill Chambers Liverpool Hope University President Geographical Association Annual Conference 30 th March 2005 University of Derby . Lecture Structure. Peru Migration Housing in Lima Growth of Lima Progressive Development Employment

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Lima’s Slums: Problems or Solutions?

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  1. Lima’s Slums:Problems or Solutions? Professor Bill Chambers Liverpool Hope University President Geographical Association Annual Conference 30th March 2005 University of Derby

  2. Lecture Structure Peru Migration Housing in Lima Growth of Lima Progressive Development Employment Government Policies Hope or Despair?

  3. 1. Peru

  4. Source: www.politicalresources.net

  5. Costa: The Atacama Desert

  6. Peru and UK(World Bank 2004)

  7. Peru Three Zones Costa Atacama Desert (driest in the world) Sierra Andes (2nd highest mountains in world) Selva Amazon (largest tropical rainforest in world) Source: Coleccion Huascaran, Lima

  8. Sierra: The Andes

  9. Selva: The Amazon Basin

  10. Peru: Population by Region

  11. 2. Migration

  12. Primacy of Lima:‘the head of a giant on the body of a dwarf’ 29

  13. Reasons for Primacy • capital city (work, culture, civilisation) • largest port (Callao) • traditional home of Vice-Roy in Colonial

  14. City centre v Paisanos 40% Costa 50% Andes mainly central-southern Andes young/ambitious earthquakes rural poverty land tenure in Andes infant mortality guerrillas cocaine El Nino modernisation of coast Migration

  15. Source: Children in Peru, Peru Support Unit 1991

  16. 3. Housing in Lima

  17. Callejon

  18. Housing for LimaPoor Slums/turgurios and Squatter settlements • alleys & tenements (callejones) 64% • workers’ housing 20% • decaying mansions 11% • city plots (corralones) 5% • government projects • private sector • squatter settlements (barriadas)

  19. Squatter Settlements • Barriadas • Urbanizaciones Populares • Urbanisationes Marginales • Pueblos Jovenes • Asentiamentos Humanos

  20. Barriadas • A residential community • formed by low income families in which the • houses are constructed in large measure by the residents themselves and • which are generally but not exclusively formed illegally. (Collins 1975)

  21. 4. Growth of Lima

  22. Lima Population Growth

  23. Source: J. Matos Mar 1977 Las Barriadas de Lima 1957

  24. Source: J. Matos Mar 1977 Las Barriadas de Lima 1967

  25. Source: J. Matos Mar 1977 Las Barriadas de Lima 1977

  26. Centro cerro San Cristobal

  27. my house Rio Rimac floodplain : Carmen de la Legua and San Martin de Porres 1965

  28. Andes foothills Comas 16-3-1945

  29. my house Comas 1965

  30. Southern Atacama desert: Tupac Amaru

  31. Geographical distributionunoccupied, state or church or absentee landlord owned

  32. The Invasion • After several years residence • Pay to join invasion committee • Planned by architects • Holy Days, National Holidays, Public Holidays, weekends, government crisis • Appeal to patriotism or religiosity of nation or landlords

  33. 5. Progressive Development (Consolidation) (Positive Adaptation)

  34. Progressive Development The gradual development of • housing • community • utilities • employment. Depends on • finance • health • motivation • priorities • government policy

  35. Progressive Development of Homes • chosa (matting hut) • peripheral wall • internal walls • concrete roof • second floor • more

  36. chosas

  37. Chosa, foundations and peripheral wall

  38. Chosa, shop and peripheral wall

  39. Chosa, peripheral wall from casa noble

  40. cement bag Wood Water cylinder

  41. Roofing: tiles, iron, electricity tubes

  42. Roofing concreting

  43. Casa noble Carmen de la Legua 1965

  44. Progressive Development(after Turner 1967)

  45. Moving from Carmen de la Legua to Comas Carmen de la Legua 1965 view of my house

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