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Acids

Acids. and Salts. Bases. Brainpop~Acids and Bases. Acid:. A substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution. “aqueous” means: water. Characteristics of Acids:. Acids have a sour taste. Acids react with metals. Acids contain Hydrogen. Many are poisonous and corrosive to skin.

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Acids

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  1. Acids and Salts Bases Brainpop~Acids and Bases

  2. Acid: A substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution “aqueous” means: water

  3. Characteristics of Acids: • Acids have a sour taste • Acids react with metals • Acids contain Hydrogen • Many are poisonous and corrosive to skin H

  4. Strong Acids (break down completely to give off many H+ ions)

  5. Weak Acids (only partially breaks down, gives less H+) Mark Bishop Acid animation

  6. Common Acids: All others considered Weak (examples) Weak AcidThe Formula Acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2 Carbonic acid HCO3

  7. Base: A substance that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution

  8. Characteristics of Bases: • Bases usually taste bitter • Bases feel slippery • Bases contain hydroxide ions • STRONG bases are also poisonous and corrosive to skin OH-

  9. Common Bases: (Hydroxides of Group 1 and Group 2 Metals are STRONG) All others are WEAK

  10. Some bases (VERY FEW) don’t have OH- Most commonly: ammonia NH3

  11. Reactionsbetween acids and bases When and acid and a base react with each other, the characteristic properties of both are destroyed. This is called neutralization.

  12. Reactions between acids and bases General formula for acid base reaction: Acid + Base → Salt H2O + NOT JUST NaCl !! “Salt” means any ionic compound formed from an acid/base reaction Neutralization Reaction Animation

  13. Neutralization HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl acid base water salt

  14. Neutralization Another Example HNO3 + KOH → H2O + KNO3 K OH H NO3 acid base water salt

  15. Indicators An indicator is a compound that will change color in the presence of an acid or base • Red Litmus-Turns blue in base • Blue Litmus-Turns red in acid • Universal indicator (pH paper) Used for the full pH range • Phenolphthalein-Turns pink in base

  16. pH pH stands for “potential hydrogen” and is a measure of how many H+ ions there are in solution. The MORE H+ there are, the LOWER the pH will be.

  17. pH Scale Shows the range of H+ concentrations High H+ concentration Low H+ concentration

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