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Fragments, run-ons and comma splices

Fragments, run-ons and comma splices. Review-College English 102. Let’s review: Fragments. A fragment is: Any group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb Paid no attention to his parents. Walked from the park to my house.

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Fragments, run-ons and comma splices

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  1. Fragments, run-ons and comma splices Review-College English 102

  2. Let’s review: Fragments • A fragment is: • Any group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb • Paid no attention to his parents. • Walked from the park to my house. • A dependent clause, that has a subject and a verb, but is all by itself • After we finished the game. • Unless you tell me the truth. • If you carefully read a fragment, you will notice that it isn’t actually saying anything! It doesn’t make sense as a sentence. • Can be fixed by: • Adding a subject or a verb! Completing the sentence!

  3. What are clauses? • Clauses like to impersonate complete sentences because they are a group of words that has their own subject and verb. But they LIE! They are not complete thoughts. • We call these DEPENDENT CLAUSES because they DEPEND on the rest of the sentence to stand alone. • An independent clause CAN stand alone as a sentence. • Example of a dependent clause: After we went to the movies. • Notice that it’s an incomplete thought. What happened after you went to the movies? • Independent clause: We got sick from the popcorn we ate. This CAN stand alone. • I can also put them both together: After we went to the movies, we got sick from the popcorn we ate.

  4. Common words to signal clauses • After • Although • As • As if • Because • Before • Since • In order that • Than • Though • Unless • When • Whenever • Wherever • How • That • Whether • Who • Which • Why • Whom • Who • Whose • That

  5. Independent vs. dependent • So, in order to have a complete sentence, I need either ONE independent clause OR I can have an independent and dependent clause(s). • I can NEVER just have a dependent clause.

  6. Fragment or Sentence (Frag or S)? • Wept salty, warm tears after he died. • I went to the computer store to buy a laptop. • My dog felt happy to be home. • After the football game begins. • Loved her more everyday, despite of it.

  7. Answers • Frag-we are missing a subject • Sentence • Sentence • Frag-dependent clause only • Frag-missing a subject

  8. Problem 2: Run-ons One type of run-on is a FUSED SENTENCE: • Two (or more) independent clauses with no punctuation between them. • I went to the store I bought a bike it was blue. • I felt sad about Mom she lost her job and she worked so hard to do well there I knew that she would find a new job though. Can be fixed by: Adding a period or Adding a comma with a sensible conjunction or Creating separate sentences or Adding a semi-colon

  9. Fixed • I went to the store, and I bought a bike. It was blue. • I felt sad about Mom; she lost her job. She worked so hard to do well there, but I knew that she would find a new job.

  10. Remember the FANBOYS! • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So • We can use these puppies to join 2 independent clauses, so that we don’t have a run-on sentence. Choose the one that makes the most sense in that situation. They always require a comma before them.

  11. Run-ons (continued) • Another type of run-on is a COMMA SPLICE: • Two independent clauses with a comma between them but no conjunction (and, but, etc.) • I was late to class today, I had a good excuse. • I didn’t know what to do, I felt as if I had lost all hope. • Can be fixed by: • Adding an appropriate conjunction or • Creating separate sentences or • Using a semi-colon instead of a comma (only if both parts of sentence are equally important)

  12. Fixed • I was late to class today, but I had a good excuse. • I didn’t know what to do; I felt as if I had lost all hope.

  13. Practice examples • I went to the store and bought a sweet kitten. • I tried to talk to my older brother he was wiser than I am. • Jenny arrived just in time, she saved the day. • She didn’t think that I could do it, but I proved her wrong. • I felt horrible for her she had lost so much. • I was late to class today, I had a good excuse, though.

  14. Practice answers • Correct—you have two verbs, but not two sentences • Fused • Comma splice • Correct • Fused • Comma splice

  15. Homework for tomorrow • Please complete the next 15 questions for homework. • Identify each group of words as either a correct complete sentence, fragment, fused sentence, or comma splice. • If the words are NOT a complete, correct sentence, please fix them so they are.

  16. Homework questions #1-10 • Before the bell rings. • I asked her out, she said she’d love to see a movie. • I have a lot of brawn, I lift heavy things. • Randy rode his bike to school, it was quite tiring. • Sarah was so pugnacious she always wanted to fight. • Left me all by myself. • Max fell down the stairs he broke his ankle. • Frodo made it to Mt. Doom; the ring was destroyed. • Didn’t want to intrude. • Harry defeated Voldemort, Hogwarts was saved.

  17. Homework questions #11-15 11. I read most of Twilight, I decided I’m not into vampires. 12. How Spongebob lived under the sea. 13. I wanted a unicorn, so my mom bought me one. 14. Unless you eat a shoe. 15. Grammar is cool, might not get me a date. We’ll go over the correct answers tomorrow.

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