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Chapter Twenty-Two Run-Ons, Comma Splices and Sentence Fragments. A Writer’s Workshop Bob Brannan. The Two Types of Run-On Sentences. Fused Sentences: They are fused or joined together as if they were only one thought. Comma Splices : A comma is used to connect
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Chapter Twenty-TwoRun-Ons, Comma Splices and Sentence Fragments A Writer’s Workshop Bob Brannan
The Two Types of Run-On Sentences Fused Sentences: They are fused or joined together as if they were only one thought. Comma Splices: A comma is used to connect or “splice” together the two complete thoughts. A comma alone isNOT ENOUGHto connect two complete sentences. Error Error Rob exercises everyday he should be in good condition. Rob exercises everyday, he should be in good condition.
How to Correct Run-Ons • There are three common methods of correcting a run-on: • Use a period and a capital letter. • Use a comma plus a joining word(and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet) to connect the two complete thoughts. • Use a semicolon to connect the two complete thoughts: Note: A fourth method of correcting a run-on is to use subordination.
Correcting Run-On Sentences • One way of correcting a run-on is to use a period and a capital letter between the two complete sentences. Use this method especially if the thoughts are not closely related. • Kristin plays the guitar well she hopes to start her own band. • Revision:Kristin plays the guitar well. She hopes to start her own band.
Correcting Run-On Sentences • Another way of correcting a run-on is to use a comma plus a joining word to connect the two complete thoughts. There are seven joining words (also called conjunctions). • Kristin plays the guitar well, and she hopes to start her own band.
Adding a Coordinating Conjunction “FANBOYS” One way to remember the seven coordinating conjunctions is to put them in this order: For Nor And Michael plays the trumpet well, so he hopes to be selected for the jazz band. But So Or Yet
Correcting Run-On Sentences • A third method of correcting a run-on is to use a semicolon to mark the break between two sentences. • A semicolon looks like a period above a comma. • When it is used to correct run-ons, the semicolon can be used alone or with a transitional word. Kristin plays the guitar well; she hopes to start her own band. Also correct: Kristin plays the guitar well; consequently, she hopes to start her own band.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. (Click to see the answer.) 1. The temperature dropped below freezing last night. We had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Correct 1. The temperature dropped below freezing last night. We had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Correct 2.The temperature dropped below freezing last night; we had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Correct 3. The temperature dropped below freezing last night, so we had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Incorrect 4. The temperature dropped below freezing last night, we had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Correct 5. Because the temperature dropped below freezing last night, we had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Correct 6. If the temperature drops below freezing tonight, we must remember to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. “Therefore”is not one of the seven coordinating conjunctions, so it cannot be used with a comma between two independent clauses. See your text for a list of transitional words.. Incorrect 7.The temperature dropped below freezing last night, therefore, we had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. Incorrect 8.The temperature dropped below freezing last night, thus we had to bring our plants indoors.
Learning to Identify and Correct Comma Splices Practice Review: Identify each entry as correct or incorrect. It is a fused sentence. Incorrect 9.The temperature dropped below freezing last night we had to bring our plants indoors.
Sentence Fragments Run-ons and comma splices occur when we cannot clearly see where one sentence ends and another begins. For similar reasons, we sometimes have difficulty with sentence fragments. For a sentence to stand alone, it needs both a subject and a verb. Word groups that lack these and stand alone are sentence fragments.
Sentence Fragments PHRASE FRAGMENTS: • Tired beyond belief but happy. • A mean dog but a good friend. • To guard the house. • Growling angrily again. CLAUSEFRAGMENTS: • When his tired brain let him speak. • Because he sat there for so long • Until he was finished.
