LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator, USA-NPN

1. Using Nature's Notebook to teach science and climate change LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator, USA-NPN

2. Objectives of today’s discussion: • Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in habitats. • Understand the mission and objectives of the USA National Phenology Network. • Understand how to implement an inquiry-based long-term phenology monitoring program that can improve science and climate literacy in students. • Participate in a challenge!

3. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

5. Nature’s Notebook • Observing is experiencing • Using nature as a guide • Phenology, climate, & ecosystems • USA National Phenology Network • Program planning Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: B. Powell

6. Nature’s Notebook • Observing is experiencing • Using nature as a guide • Phenology, climate, & ecosystems • USA National Phenology Network • Program planning Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: B. Powell

7. Using nature as a guide Tradition and Lore February – Full Worm Moon November -Beaver Moon Photo credit: B. Powell September – Harvest Moon May – Full Flower Moon “Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each recurring full moon.” http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/ Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted Photo credit: L. Barnett

8. Using nature as a guide Powell Thoreau Jefferson

9. Using nature as a guide Garden re-created

10. Using nature as a guide Acer rubrum(red maple);Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons.

11. Using nature as a guide ANIMAL > Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Reproduction Activity Development Observable life stages Occur at certain times PLANT Flowers Leaves Fruits

12. Nature’s Notebook • Observing is experiencing • Using nature as a guide • Phenology, climate, & ecosystems • USA National Phenology Network • Program planning Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: B. Powell

13. phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain

14. Just to be clear… phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain phOnology – a branch of linguistics concerned with the organization of sounds in language

15. Phenology & ecosystems • What is phenology? • The science of the seasons • Blooms and buds • Hibernation, migration, emergence • Easy to observe …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life-cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions. Photo credit: L. Barnett

16. Phenology & ecosystems • Who observes phenology? • Scientists • Gardeners/Agriculturists • Land managers • Educators • Youth Photo credit: S. Schaffer Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: C. Enquist

17. Phenology and ecosystems Climate is what you expect… …weather is what you get. -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. It is about… …time

18. Life Zones Biodiversity http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf

19. Wildfires Flu season Festivals Pests & Diseases Ecotourism Allergies Invasions Agriculture Slide courtesy of S. Mazer

20. USA National Phenology Network 7 day average 2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J Sandhill crane and geese 2-3 week average 61years 1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W.

21. Nature’s Notebook • Observing is experiencing • Using nature as a guide • Phenology & ecosystems • USA National Phenology Network • Program planning Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: B. Powell

22. Nature’s Notebook for scientists, naturalists, volunteers, land managers, park rangers, and YOU! Photo credit: L. Romano

23. USA National Phenology Network Primary goal Create a standardized dataset for use in multiple types of research. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. Understand how species and landscapes are responding to climate change. Photo credit: C. Enquist

24. USA National Phenology Network Plant and animal species = 943 total 3205 observers reporting (10,026 total) making 494,331 observations1 11,766 sites 1As of 04-04-14

25. USA National Phenology Network ANIMAL > Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Reproduction Activity Development Method • Male combat • Mating • Active individuals • Feeding • Young individuals • Dead individuals • Individuals at a feeding station PHENOPHASES PLANT Flowers Leaves Fruits • Young leaves • Leaves • Colored leaves • Flowers or flower buds • Open flowers • Ripe fruits • Recent seed or fruit drop

26. USA National Phenology Network Leaves Flowers Fruits Gambel Oak

27. USA National Phenology Network Photo from All About Birds Acorn Woodpecker

28. USA National Phenology Network Enter Observations Online

29. You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!

30. USA National Phenology Network Red maple (Acer rubrum) in 2013 collected via Nature’s Notebook

31. How can a long-term program like Nature’sNotebook be used in an inquiry-based learning environment? 10 minute discussion

32. Nature’s Notebook • Observing is experiencing • Using nature as a guide • Phenology & ecosystems • USA National Phenology Network • Program planning Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: B. Powell

33. Program planning Phenology Climate & Weather Habitats Plant & People Connections Local Ecology & Biodiversity Poll question 2…

34. Program planning Phenology English Community Engagement and Civics Social Studies Math Service Learning Art Poll question 3…

35. Next Generation Science Standards and Nature’s Notebook http://www.nextgenscience.org

36. Next Generation Science Standards and Nature’s Notebook http://www.azed.gov/standards-practices/files/2011/09/sciencegrade8.pdf

37. Program planning Develop your own scientific questions to answer, using Nature’s Notebook: • What questions do you have about seasonality in your backyard? • What evidence do we have that there are seasonal changes? Why? • Create a list of observations you’ve made, plan to record them in Nature’s Notebook as regularly as possible for at least a year Photo credit: L. Barnett Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: P. Warren Based upon inquiry lessons in science.education.nih.gov

38. Program planning When are mesquite beans ready for harvest? Local Partners Volunteer Groups

39. Program planning Science questions to answer: Is the monsoon season correlated with the dropping of ripe mesquite beans? When is the best time to harvest mesquite beans to get the most beans per effort? How far into the monsoon season is it safe to collect beans for harvest? Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: P. Guertin

40. Program planning GOALS and OUTCOMES • Short term (within a year) • Engage participants in collecting observations, year round, on mesquite trees • Develop activities for youth and adults at sites to encourage observations of mesquite trees • Medium term (within 3-4 years) • Share data with participants, develop a phenology calendar for the mesquite tree • Encourage participants to recruit others to collect observations • Long term (5+ years) • Make general recommendations for safe harvest times

41. Program planning • Tucson Phenology Trail • Biosphere 2 • UA Campus (2 sites) • Sam Hughes Neighborhood • Rincon Heights Neighborhood • Pima Extension Offices (2 sites) • Tucson Botanical Garden • Tucson Audubon Mason Center • Oracle State Park • Sweetwater wetlands – Project wet • Agua Caliente Park • Tortolita Middle School • Borton Elementary Environmental Learning Lab • Arizona Trail • Santa Rita Experimental Range • Total of 75 Miles, start to finish • 3-10 species tagged at each

42. Design a Long-Term PHENOLOGY PROGRAM • What is your science question? • What outcomes do you want to achieve? • What are the activities you can do? • What are the resources you already have? • Who would be potential partners? Long-term observations help the USA-NPN and can help local programs! Photo credit: L. Barnett

43. Design a PHENOLOGY PROGRAM • What is your science question? • What outcomes do you want to achieve? • What are the activities you can do? • What are the resources you already have? • Who would be potential partners? Replicate with students Long-term observations help the USA-NPN and can help local programs! Photo credit: L. Barnett

44. How can a long-term program like Nature’sNotebook be used in an inquiry-based learning environment? Would you change anything you originally discussed? Make any additions? Subtractions?

45. Challenge! Create an account for Nature’s Notebook Think about how you might use phenology and/or Nature’s Notebook tie together concepts in your classroom Cross-collaborate with educators in your region to develop a long-term phenology monitoring program. Utilize both formal and informal organizations.

46. Program planning • Resources: • Curriculum by audience: • www.usanpn.org/education • Start a local project: • Planning worksheets • Ways to connect • Shared sites • www.usanpn.org/partner/project • Phenology Data: • Visualization tools • Downloadable excel • www.usanpn.org/data • How can I help you? • How to Observe: • Handbook • Online tutorials for everything • Botany 101 guide and Phenophase primer coming soon! • www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines

47. Objectives of this workshop: • Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in habitats. • Understand the mission and objectives of the USA National Phenology Network. • Understand how to implement an inquiry-based long-term phenology monitoring program that can improve science and climate literacy in students. • Participate in a challenge! lorianne@usanpn.org

48. QUESTIONS? Photo credit: L. Barnett

49. You’re invited to connect with USA-NPN… Sign up for a phenology e-newsletter (quarterly) Join the Nature’s Notebook community and become an observer: Contribute to science while having fun! Discover new tools and resources for work or play LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org @loriannebarnett Thank you! LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org