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The IceTop Air Shower Array:

The IceTop Air Shower Array:. detector overview , physics goals , first results. Hermann Kolanoski Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and DESY (Zeuthen ) for the IceCube Collaboration. IceTop - the air shower array of IceCube. IceCube with IceTop is a 3-dim Air S hower D etector.

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The IceTop Air Shower Array:

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  1. The IceTop Air Shower Array: detectoroverview, physicsgoals, firstresults Hermann Kolanoski Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and DESY (Zeuthen) fortheIceCubeCollaboration Hermann Kolanoski: IceTopOverview

  2. IceTop - the air shower array of IceCube IceCubewithIceTopis a 3-dim Air ShowerDetector • Cosmic Ray energyspectrum1014– 1018eV • CompositionanalysiswithIceTop + IceCube • Galactic – extra-galactictransition • physicsofairshowers • heliosphericphysics, transient events • EAS Veto forneutrinos in IceCube • directioncalibration • andmore Hermann Kolanoski: IceTopOverview

  3. Threshold energy <300 TeV Maximum energy Limited by km2 size Coincident events A= 0.3 km2sr Emax = EeV IceTop only ( < 60o) A= 3 km2sr Emax = 3 EeV < PeV>EeV Anchor to direct measurement of composition ~300 TeV Look for transition to extra-galactic < EeV Energy range of IceCube/IceTop Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  4. Final IceTopDetector Array 2011 In-fill ~125 m final detector: 81 stations (162 tanks) mostly ~ 125 m; 3 inserts (+5 closest) Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  5. IceTop Signal Recording leading edge voltage charge [PE] 3.3 ns; 128 bins  420 ns baseline DOMs time [ns] conversiontoVerticalEquivalentMuons MUON EM Bkg ... and snow on the tanks: 1 VEM ≈ 150 PE signaldistribution in untriggeredcalibrationruns paper #899 Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  6. Trigger and Data Selection Single DOM above threshold:  digitization of waveform (3.3 ns bins) Local Coincidence (=HLC): require both with DOMs above threshold  readout of full waveform to IceCube Lab Soft Local Coincidence (=SLC): upon a trigger any DOM above threshold is read out with timestamp and integrated charge  catch single muons MinBias downscaledfor calibration with single muons Reconstruction: standard: 5 stations   1 PeV infill extension:  3 stations   100 TeV Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Air Shower Array

  7. tank signals = 6 free parameters: shower axis shower front t Full Shower Reconstruction see also poster #336 Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  8. IceCube/IceTop's Strength electro-mag. particles MeV’s shower axis LE Muons GeV’s IceTop by Patrick Berghaus HE Muons TeV’s iron µ IceCube proton EM Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  9. First IceCubeComposition Measurement • IC 40 talk #923 preliminary preliminary ~ 1month of IC40 subarray (with little snow) energy from 1 to 30 PeV (only) still systematics dominated Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  10. First Look into 2010 Data paper #838 Nearly complete detector IC79 / IT73 demonstrates acceptance and capability of detector iron measured shower size energy estimates for protons proton 1 PeV 10 PeV 100 PeV 1 EeV ~ 15 ev./year > 1 EeV ~ 150 ev./year > 300 PeV interestingly narrow band unique mass? Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  11. e/m N observation first interaction μ X / g cm-2 earlier more N e/m earlier μ X / g cm-2 StrategiesofCompositionAnalyses • IceTop & InIce • IceTopEM vsInIceMUON • IceTop • - zenith angle ofe.m. • - curv. ofshowerfront • - GeV-muonsin IceTop: • IceTop & Radio • (future, seepaper #1102) • - shower max. Xmax proton heavier nucleus Complementarymethods  reducemodeldependency ~ 680 gcm-2 Hermann Kolanoski: IceTopOverview

  12. SupportingCompositionMeasurements Zenith angle dependenceofshowersize Muoncounting in airshowerdata Iron assumption preliminary 1 VEM charge enhanced if signalem  signalmuon preliminary “Two Components” assumption preliminary IT26 spectrum analysis 1-100 PeV Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  13. High-pTMuons in IceTop-IceCube (#323) IceTopdelivered the direction reconstruction Measure muon separation spectrum out to hundreds of meters Another test of models: pQCD predicts high–pTmuons from π, K, charm, bottom, .... “prompt” Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  14. IceTop’s EHE Veto (#778) improving the search for GZK neutrinos • HLC = ‘hard local coincidence’: • both tanks of a station above threshold •  full readout • Relaxe to SLC = ‘soft local coincidence’ • only charge & time stamp read out • available for any trigger Opens an EHE neutrino window for smaller zenith angles At sufficiently high energy: ~ 100% background rejection at > 90% signal efficiency seems feasible , see poster #778 We want to Veto this! Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  15. PeV Gamma with InIce Veto against muons IceTop shower with no activity in IceCube paper #939 HI column densities upper limit with γ= −2, at E = 1.2 PeV Φ <7.0 · 10−19 cm−2s−1TeV−1(99% c.l.) Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

  16. Low energy transient rate variations from Sun, SN, GRB, ... Forbush Decrease in IceTop #921 Solar wind speed IceTop rates • Since the first Sun flare • observation Dec 13, 2006: • IceTop increased • spectral sensitivity • taking differential rates • at multiple thresholds [ApJ Lett 689 (2008) L65] rate increaseat 2 different thresholds H.Kolanoski - IceCube Highlights

  17. Summary IceCube/IceTopis a unique 3-dim Air ShowerDetector First Results on: • Cosmic Ray energyspectrum1014– 1018eV • CR composition: • uniquecapabilityupto1018eV • Galactic – extrac-galactictransition • physicsofairshowers • heliosphericphysics, transient events • EAS Veto forneutrinos in IceCube • ... andthefuture: radioextension (RASTA) Hermann Kolanoski: IceTop Overview

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