Recommendations on Parking A sensitive “push” measure

1. T anja opConsult Recommendations on Parking A sensitive “push” measure Jörg Thiemann-Linden Krakow, 19th September 2014 Project team: JantineZwinkels, Pieter Tanja Tom Rye, Zsuzsanna Olofsson, Jürgen Gies, Jörg Thiemann-Linden

2. Innovative Cases on Parking in GPS • Parking restriction in new urban development in Freiburg Vauban & TübingenLoretto / French QuarterParking restrictions by planning / construction permit, for car free housing: Car owners mandatory to rent a place in a periphery car parking garage. • Workplace parking Levy (WPL) funding for transport improvementin Nottingham A mandatory charge (“tax”) on private off street parking places, used by employees, regular visitors, pupils/students. In order to reduce congestion and a major funding for transport measures (new tram lines) = for Nottingham a more attractive place for business. • Trip contingent model: monitoring of traffic generation from parking instead of general parking standards in urban development“Fahrtenmodell” in Zürich CHSaving relevent investment cost, due to very low parking standards for new development (e.g. “Sihlcity” shopping centre, also university buildings and hospitals). Condition is regular monitoring of the generated car volumes – otherwise mobility measures mandatory to get under the contracted limit.

3. Recommedations on parking measure • Parking volumes are a relevant factor for traffic-related problems Multiple arguments, for example - congestion and air quality - public space occupancy for other purposes moving the local economy- traffic safety (visibility obstacle) • Communicate the expected benefits firstshow future beauty of public space e.g. after an architects’ competition – then name the “loss” of parkings; show the improvements in accessability / attractiveness from funding mechanism based on parking fees • Be aware that parking infrastructure is a costly matter, employers and developers tend to avoid costse.g. in Nottingham Workplace Parking Levy, in the Zürich investments; Parking garage owners have an own interest in parking management and enforcement around the garage in order to protect their investment

4. Recommedations on parking measure • Political will is necessary to deal with general skeptics / resistance - against every also tiny measure to reduce the number of parkings, but in the shop-keepers with a new generation discussion becomes more rational. • Recognize the interest of car-independent urban living in parts of the society, e.g. car-free housing environment in Freiburg-Vauban was urged by the community of house-builders first. • Start to influence legal obstacles from the national levelcollaborate as a city with other cities / lobby groups, e.g. on very low parking fines, uniform parking fee limits nonregard the specific situation in cities, not adequate parking standards in urban development • A referendum on parking policy??Controversial results in Zürich (very strict also private parkings regulations supported by the city’s voters) and Berlin (district population voting against own priviledge – due to poor trust in regulation / administration in general?

5. EncouragedfromStepping Stones: newprojects • Regulation (PUSH) + Mobility Management (PULL) = Fundingmechanismfromparkingfeesto MM spendingIEE Project in thecitiesofKrakow, Örebro, Gent andothers, Research by Lund University, Erasmus University Rotterdam University (RHV BV), FGM-AMOR, Difuandthe European ParkingAssociation EPA See more at www.push-pull-parking.eue.g. parkingmanagementgoodpracticecatalogue (by end of 2014) • Mobility Management (pedelec-testingbycommuters)+ Infrastructure (safeparking at commuterrailwaystations) = Electricbicycles a substitute for car-basedcommutersfromsuburbs (in Brandenburg state), for reducingcarparkingdemand in Berlin. Regional projectof Berlin Senate (SenStadtUm) withDifu, teamredandmanylocalcompanies, sponsoredbybicyclemanufacturers See more at www.nrvp.de/pedelec