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DNA and Chromosomes

DNA and Chromosomes. Deoxyribonucleic Acid. DNA =. What is DNA?. What is DNA used for in the cell? DNA is where the GENETIC CODE is stored. It is a set of instructions for building proteins Where is it located? Inside the NUCLEUS

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DNA and Chromosomes

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  1. DNA and Chromosomes

  2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA =

  3. What is DNA? • What is DNA used for in the cell? • DNA is where the GENETIC CODE is stored. • It is a set of instructions for building proteins • Where is it located? • Inside the NUCLEUS • Your DNA is literally present in every single one of your cells! • This is why if you leave cells or hair behind at a crime scene you can be identified!

  4. Where is DNA Found? • DNA is found in the NUCLEUS of every cell in every organism. • DNA is like long string wound up very tightly around itself. When it is wound up it is called a CHROMOSOME. • Each human nucleus has 23 CHROMOSOMES

  5. What is DNA made of? • DNA is shaped like a SPIRAL STAIRCASE. • It is made of: • NUCLEOTIDES: The handrails the staircase.. • BASES: The steps of the stair case. • There are 4 bases used in the DNA molecule, and each pairs with another

  6. What is a Gene? • A gene is a group of many bases that are grouped together to code for a specific trait • For example, you have a gene that codes for your eye color and another one that codes for your hair color.

  7. What is DNA made of? • The NUCLEOTIDES (handrails) give the DNA molecule its structure. • The BASES (stairs) spell out the GENETIC CODE. • Remember: DNA is the instructions for how to build proteins. The BASES spell out the words in the instructions. • If bases are the letters then genes are the words

  8. Draw a DNA molecule and label the Nucleotides and the Bases

  9. How big is DNA and Chromosomes? • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  10. Let’s review: • Every cell has a NUCLEUS. The nucleus is the CEO and contains all instructions for building proteins. • Every nucleus has 23 CHROMOSOMES (in humans)

  11. Let’s review: • Each chromosome is made up of tightly wound DNA. • DNA looks like a spiral staircase. • The handrails are made of nucleotides, and give DNA it’s shape. • The stairs are made of bases, and store the genetic code

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