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DNA, Chromosomes and Genes

DNA, Chromosomes and Genes. Phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base make up nucleotide Nucleotides match up with complementary bases Twists to make “Double helix” DNA coils around histone proteins Coils up into a Chromosome. Humans have 23 Pairs of Chromosomes.

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DNA, Chromosomes and Genes

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  1. DNA, Chromosomes and Genes

  2. Phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base make up nucleotide Nucleotides match up with complementary bases Twists to make “Double helix” DNA coils around histone proteins Coils up into a Chromosome

  3. Humans have 23 Pairs of Chromosomes

  4. A Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Humans have approximately 27,000 genes Genes have non-coding sections called introns which are cut out after it is copied to RNA Genes

  5. DNA • DNA is like the instructions for all of the cells functions. • DNA gets Transcribed to RNA which gets Translated into Proteins. • Proteins make enzymes a structural components of an organisms, different combinations of these proteins make them unique. • Variations in a persons DNA is one of the things that make them unique. Only Identical twins have exactly the same DNA

  6. Ribonucleic Acid Similar to DNA but uses Ribose instead of Deoxyribose Uses 4 Nitrogen bases Uses Uracil instead of Thyamine Single stranded RNA Nucleotide RNA

  7. RNA and DNA

  8. Transcription & Translation • Transcription is when a section of DNA is copied to RNA • Translation is when RNA copied from DNA goes to the Ribosome and serves as the instructions for making proteins.

  9. Images From: • http://www.bioethics.org.nz/about-bioethics/glossary/index.html • http://www.ogm-info.com/chromosome.gif • http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/chromosome.html • http://images1.clinicaltools.com//images/gene/rna2.jpg • http://www-scf.usc.edu/~chem203/resources/DNA/UMP.gif

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