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Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources from Glacial Melt

Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources from Glacial Melt. Prof. Kenneth L. Verosub Dept of Geology University of California, Davis ,. Santiago and its mountains. Rivers of Central Chile. Glacial and Snow Melt. Rivers and glaciers . Rio Cruces discharge record.

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Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources from Glacial Melt

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  1. Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources from Glacial Melt Prof. Kenneth L. Verosub Dept of Geology University of California, Davis,

  2. Santiago and its mountains

  3. Rivers of Central Chile

  4. Glacial and Snow Melt

  5. Rivers and glaciers

  6. Rio Cruces discharge record

  7. Center of Volume Sierra Nevada (Calif.)

  8. Spring Fraction of Runoff Sierra Nevada (Calif.)

  9. Basic Hypothesis: Riverflows can be measured using only geospatial imagery.

  10. River Gauge

  11. Rating Curve

  12. An Alternate Approach Measure the width

  13. An Alternate Approach (con’t) River Profile Use width to determine height from topographic profile.

  14. Basic flow equation: • Q = v A whereQ is discharge, v is velocity and A is area Chezy equation: • v = c (RS)1/2 where c is a constant, R is hydraulic radius and Sis the slope of the channel. Hydraulic radius is the area divided by the wetted perimeter.

  15. Manning equation: • c = (1/n) R1/6 where n is the roughness coefficient. Manning Chezy equation: Q = (1/n) A R2/3 S1/2 Note: A, R, and S can be determined from detailed topography or a DEM, and n can be estimated visually.

  16. GeoEye-1 5 spectral bands 40 cm resolution (visible) Commercial

  17. GeoEye: Coliseum in Rome

  18. GeoEye: Kansas City Airport

  19. Basic Methodology Obtain topographic maps or DEMs (at low flow) from stereo image pairs, SRTM and/or Lidar. Determine topographic profile and slope for target site. Calculate other geometric parameters from width vs. depth relationship. Use Manning-Chezy Equation (and others) to calculate discharge as a function of width. Use regular imagery to determine flows at other dates/times.

  20. Width vs. Depth

  21. Numerical integration of Width (W) vs. Depth to obtain Area (A) Perimeter Hydraulic Radius (R) Mean Depth (Ym) for any given depth.

  22. Half-width vs. Depth

  23. Manning Chezy equation: Q = (1/n) A R0.67 S0.5 Manning (Bjerklie) equation: Q = 7.1 A Ym0.67 S0.33 Bjerklieet al. equation: Q = 7.22 W1.02 Ym1.74 S0.33 Dingman and Sharma equation: Q = 4.62 W1.17 Ym1.57 S0.34

  24. Mississippi at Thebes

  25. Mississippi at Thebes

  26. Mississippi at Thebes

  27. Mississippi at Thebes Width vs. Discharge Curve

  28. 6/01/2007 6/4/2010 3/8/2009 6/25/2006 12/27/2003 3/18/2006 Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Chronological a

  29. 6/01/2007 6/4/2010 3/8/2009 6/25/2006 12/27/2003 3/18/2006 Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Sequential a

  30. 6/01/2007 2.7 6/4/2010 32 3/8/2009 29 6/25/2006 6.4 12/27/2003 9.7 3/18/2006 66 Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Sequential (II) a

  31. Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Match-ups <=> <=> <=> a

  32. Application – Monitoring Rivers Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts.

  33. April 2011 precipitation

  34. Measuring flows on the Mississippi River

  35. Application – Monitoring Rivers Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned.

  36. Gauging stations are few and far between

  37. Application – Monitoring Rivers Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned. Obtain new flow data from physically inaccessible areas, such as high mountains and deserts. Obtain new flow data from restricted areas, such as military bases and wilderness areas.

  38. Mountain runoff is poorly understood.

  39. Application – Monitoring Rivers Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts. Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned. Obtain new flow data from physically inaccessible areas, such as high mountains and deserts. Obtain new flow data from restricted areas, such as military bases and wilderness areas. Combine with Lidar for total “state of the river” analysis.

  40. “State of the River” Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

  41. “State of the River” Murray-Darling Basin Commission website

  42. “State of the River” Yellowstone River Basin Lidar

  43. “State of the River” Yellowstone River Lidar corridor

  44. Application to Chile

  45. Gauging stations in Bio Bio province

  46. Period of dicharge record.

  47. Gracias.

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