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Biomolecules. Another name for a Biomolecule is a Macromolecule. Macromolecules are Large Molecules within the cells. They are made from thousands of smaller molecules . A.) Polymers- larger compounds B.) Monomers- smaller compounds
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Biomolecules Another name for a Biomolecule is a Macromolecule. Macromolecules are Large Molecules within the cells. They are made from thousands of smaller molecules. A.) Polymers- larger compounds B.) Monomers- smaller compounds C.)Polymerization- building of large compounds by joining smaller ones. (Analogous Ex: cars of a train linked together to make the train as a whole) Cars= monomers Train= polymer
Student Notes Using your knowledge of Root Words, explain how the terms Biomolecule and Macromolecule are related.
Student notes Get with a partner next to you, without getting out of your seat. Come up with an example of monomers and polymers, other than the train!!
4 major biomolecules • 1.) Carbohydrates (sugars/starches) • 2.) Proteins ( amino acids) • 3.) Lipids (fats,oils,waxes,steroids) • 4.) Nucleic Acids (DNA,RNA)
Student page Write down everything that you have eaten today, you can also include what you have had to drink.
Student Notes p. 5 Without looking at your notes: 1. Give an example of a monomer and a polymer and label each one. 2. Name which macromolecule you would need the most for running a marathon. 3. What types of food would you eat before the marathon?
# 1--Carbohydrates • “Fast Fuel”- sugars & starches • Sugar molecules made of C, H, & O • Made in a1:2:1 ratio • C6H12O6 • Two types of Sugars: • Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Monosaccharides • simple sugars: • A.) glucose- “blood sugar” energy for cellular respiration • B.) galactose- sugar in milk & yogurt • C.) fructose- sugar found in honey • all 3 have same molecular structure (C6H12O6) but different structural formulas or shapes.
Disaccharides • Are Monosaccharides covalently bonded together • 3 Common Disaccharides • A.) sucrose (table sugar)= glucose +fructose • B.) lactose (sugar in milk) =glucose + galactose • C.) maltose= (product of starch digestion)= glucose + glucose
Starches • Polysaccharides = starches • Starches are polymers of glucose • A.) amylose • B.) amylopectin • Sugars are soluble in water • Starches are insoluble in water
Student Notes Explain the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide. Draw and label the molecular structure of each type of carbohydrate
#2--Proteins Many structures/Many functions Proteins are made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Formed from monomers called amino acids.
Role of Proteins Each protein has a specific role ,such as: *A. regulating cell processes *B. controlling the rate of reactions (movement) *C. forming muscles or bones (structural support) *D. transporting substances into or out of cells *E. fighting disease (against foreign substances)
Student NotesChoose one of the functions of the proteins. What would happen if the protein that controlled that function stopped working? Write your answer in a complete sentence!!
Amino Acid Molecular Structure *compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end with a side chain called an “R-group”
#3---Lipids *made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. *Generally not soluble in water. (hydrophobic) *Consist of fats, oils and waxes, also steroids.
Uses of Lipids **Used to store energy.* **Some are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. **Protection **Formed when glycerol joins a fatty acid group.
Study the 1st Ten Latin Root Words with your partner at your table for the next 5 minutes
Student Notes Who do you think stores more fat in their bodies, Men or Women? Explain your answer in complete sentences!!
Types of Lipids Saturated fats- all carbons have the maximum number of hydrogens attached to them. Usually are solid at room temperature (lard, Crisco.) Unsaturated fats- contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond. Usually are liquid at room temperature (cooking oils.)
#4--Nucleic Acids *made up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus *Formed from monomers called nucleotides. *Nucleotides- made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. *Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.
Types of Nucleic Acids • RNA-ribonucleic acid, • contains the sugar ribose. • DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid, • contains the sugar deoxyribose.