Warm Up: Images Notes on: “A Return to Normalcy” Closing Activity: Quotes Review

1. Warm Up: ImagesNotes on: “A Return to Normalcy”Closing Activity: QuotesReview

6. Normalcy in Government -1920 election of Warren G. Harding and the simpler days before the war and the Progressive Era words of Peace and calm to comfort a healing nation (Poor Judgment) -Isolationist Policies -Washington Conferences – left out Russia due to its Communist Government proposed disarmament – Charles Evan Hughes – urges no more warships be built; U.S., G.B., Japan, France, and Italy – scrap many of their ships – battleships, cruisers, and aircraft carriers -Kellogg-Briand Treaty, 1929 outlawed war – 15 countries adopted it as national policy – no way to enforce

7. Normalcy in Government -New high tariff returned U.S. to isolationist position – Fordney-McCumber Tariff – raised taxes on some imports (mostly chemical and metal) to 60% (highest ever) – Made it impossible for Britain and France to pay U.S. themselves -Nativist policies -discriminatory quota system established – 2% of the # nationals can enter (1924) – did not apply to people in the Western Hemisphere -National Origins Act, 1921

8. Labor Unrest -working conditions Kept wages down and hours up -wartime inflation Workers weren’t allowed to strike because it could interfere with the war effort -technological unemployment Fewer unskilled jobs available -strikes Boston Police strike Reps. Fired when asking for a raise, stage a strike – National Guard called in

9. Labor Unrest U.S. Steel strike - Beating of striking workers – public attention for harsh working conditions – 8 hr. day, no unions Coal Miners Strike John L. Lewis – new leader of United Mine Workers of America – protest law wages and long workdays. Court order to go back to work - ignored -labor unions weaken Open Shop system – Not necessary to join unions Welfare capitalism Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions

10. The Red Scare -Russian Revolution, 1917 Vladimir Lenin – the Bolsheviks (“the majority”) waving a red flag Communists – Economic and political system based on single-party govt. & ruled by dictatorship cry of worldwide revolution Equalize wealth and power, end private property, substitute w/ govt. ownership of factories, railroads, & other businesses -Red Scare -U.S. Communist Party, IWW – 70,000 radicals joined – several bombs were sent to govt. and business leaders

11. The Red Scare -Red Scare U.S. Communist Party, IWW -Palmer Raids Mitchell Palmer – U.S. Attorney General – combat the Red Scare J.EdgarHoover – Special Assistant violations of civil liberties – Invaded private homes & offices, jailed subjects w/o legal counsel, deported w/o trial – hunt for communists, socialists, and anarchists, no evidence of revolution conspiracy

12. The Red Scare -Sacco and Vanzetti anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed Asserted innocence, provided alibis, circumstantial evidence, judge made prejudicial remarks -Growth of the Klan 1924 – 4.5 million – white male persons, native-born gentile citizens – Against Blacks, Catholics, Jews, and Immigrants

13. The Red Scare -Russian Revolution, 1917 Vladimir Lenin Communists cry of worldwide revolution -Red Scare U.S. Communist Party, IWW -Palmer Raids Mitchell Palmer J.Edgar Hoover violations of civil liberties -Sacco and Vanzetti anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed -Growth of the Klan

14. The Red Scare -Russian Revolution, 1917 Vladimir Lenin Communists cry of worldwide revolution -Red Scare U.S. Communist Party, IWW -Palmer Raids Mitchell Palmer J.Edgar Hoover violations of civil liberties -Sacco and Vanzetti anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed -Growth of the Klan

15. The Red Scare -Russian Revolution, 1917 Vladimir Lenin Communists cry of worldwide revolution -Red Scare U.S. Communist Party, IWW -Palmer Raids Mitchell Palmer J.Edgar Hoover violations of civil liberties -Sacco and Vanzetti anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed -Growth of the Klan

16. The Red Scare -Russian Revolution, 1917 Vladimir Lenin Communists cry of worldwide revolution -Red Scare U.S. Communist Party, IWW -Palmer Raids Mitchell Palmer J.Edgar Hoover violations of civil liberties -Sacco and Vanzetti anarchist immigrants accused of murder and executed -Growth of the Klan

17. Harding and Coolidge -Prosperity returns to the United States -Harding made some good and bad appointment choices Herbert Hoover – Secretary of Commerce Ohio Gang – Poker playing buddies with no interest in benefiting govt. only themselves

18. Harding and Coolidge -Teapot Dome Scandal gov’t owned oil rich lands leased out to private oil companies for far less than their value -Harding and administration are embarrassed Albert B. Fall – Secretary of the Interior – made $400,000 first Cabinet member to be charged with a felony

19. Harding and Coolidge -Harding dies in Office and Calvin Coolidge replaces him and wins re-election Helped to restore people’s faith in their govt. “Keep Cool with Coolidge” – Campaign Slogan “Do Nothing Cal”

20. “The business of America is business.” President Calvin Coolidge • “The blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution…crawling into the sacred corners of American homes,…burning up the foundations of American society.” A. Mitchell Palmer • “In all my life I have never stole, never killed, never spilled blood….We were tried during a time…when there was hysteria of resentment and hate against the people of our principles, against the foreigner..I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical” Bartolomeo Vanzetti before his execution

21. “There is no right to strike against the public safety by anyone, anywhere, any time.” Boston Mayor Calvin Coolidge • “America’s present need is not heroics,…but normalcy” President Warren Harding • “I can speak officially only for our United States. Our hundred millions frankly want less of armaments and none of war.” President Warren Harding at Washington Conferences

22. Quiz

23. What group saw a dramatic rise in its membership during this period of fear and change in the 1920’s?

24. Return to Normalcy was the campaign slogan of which President?

25. How did the National Origins Act change our immigration system?

26. Name the two Italian immigrant anarchists who were convicted of murder in an obviously biased trial?

27. Which President, known as “Do Nothing Cal” was especially liked by business for his laissez faire policies?

28. What is the name for the period after WWI when there was a fear of communism?

29. What was the collective name of the multiple disarmament conferences held after the war?

30. What scandal would disgrace the government in the early 20’s?

31. Name the treaty signed in 1929 which actually outlawed war?

32. Dot Game • Each of you will select a piece of paper which will identify you as a dot or non-dot. • You will then get into groups – you may talk about whether you are a dot or non-dot (lying to group member IS acceptable) You may not see others papers • The Goal for non-dots: get into the largest group of non-dots you can, without getting a dot in your group • The goal of dots: get into a group of non-dots, but be the only dot in the group • The Winner: The dot who infiltrates the largest group undetected (only when no other dots are present) or the largest group of non-dots.