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Unit 5.1 Notes:

Unit 5.1 Notes:. The Civil War. Currier & Ives Print of the Bombardment of Ft. Sumter, Charleston Harbor. U.S. History & The Constitution Mr. Weathers. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up 2 nd Nine Weeks. Bell Ringer #3 (12 & 13 Nov)

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Unit 5.1 Notes:

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  1. Unit 5.1 Notes: The Civil War Currier & Ives Print of the Bombardment of Ft. Sumter, Charleston Harbor U.S. History & The Constitution Mr. Weathers

  2. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up 2nd Nine Weeks Bell Ringer #3 (12 & 13 Nov) 3.) What effect did events such as the Denmark Vesey plot (think 8th grade history) & Nat Turner’s unsuccessful slave rebellion have on the nation? a.) More slaves were set free to prevent future rebellions. b.) Northerners felt bad for southerners & helped pass laws to maintain slavery. c.) The nation as a whole agreed it would be too dangerous to expand slavery to the territories in the West. d.) Southerners became more distrustful of the North’s role in abolition. CORRECT ANSWER: D

  3. Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator Standard USHC-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how regional and ideological differences led to the Civil War and an understanding of the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on democracy in America. USHC-3.1: Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states’ rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America.

  4. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Tensions Leading to War “Who, What, When, Where, & How” Chart Indicator 3.1

  5. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Missouri Compromise of 1820 WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Northern v. Southern states/congressmen, Missouri, Maine. - The expansion of slavery west into Missouriupset the balance of free/slave states in Congress (11/11). - 1820 - Missouri Territory; West - Missouri = slave state, Maine = free state; kept balance of power (12/12). No slavery north of 36º30’ line. Temporarily eased north/south tensions.

  6. The Missouri Compromise of 1820

  7. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Wilmot Proviso WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Congress, David Wilmot (D. – Pennsylvania) - Wilmot proposed amendment that slavery would never exist in any territory acquired through war with Mexico. - August 1846 - Congress; dealt with territory taken from Mexico. - Increased North/South tensions in Congress; House of Reps approved it, Senate rejected it.

  8. Wilmot Proviso (1846) Pennsylvania Congressman David Wilmot

  9. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Abolitionist Movement WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - abolitionists (see notes), African Americans, northerners.. - The abolition (ending) of slavery in the United States. - Antebellum Era (1820s - 1860s). - Dealt with slavery in south & the expansion of slavery inwest. The North saw political rallies/conventions. - Increased tensions between pro & anti slave citizens (& politicians). Ultimately resolved with the Emancipation Proclamation (1862) & 13th Amendment (1865).

  10. Abolitionist Movement Sarah & Angelina Grimke Nat Turner Frederick Douglass Harriet Tubman Harriet Beecher Stowe William Lloyd Garrison John Brown

  11. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Compromise of 1850 WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Henry Clay, US Senate (North v. South politicians). - Admitting California into the Union, border dispute between Texas & New Mexico, slavery in Washington D.C., & South’s claim that North did not enforce the fugitive slave law. - January 1850. - The US Senate (Congress; dealing with nationwide issues). - Compromises to appease northern & southern politicians; 1.) California = free, 2.) Utah & New Mexico = popular sovereignty 3.) TX v. NMborder dispute resolved, 4.) sale of slaves in Wash D.C. banned, 5.) tougherFugitive Slave Act.

  12. Compromise of 1850

  13. A reaction to the Fugitive Slave Act. (Compromise of 1850)

  14. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Uncle Tom’s Cabin WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Harriet Beecher Stowe (author), northern abolitionists, & southern planters. - Fictional novel that told of the hardships of slavery; bestseller that served as propaganda for the abolitionist cause; slavery not just political, but also moral cause. - Novel published in 1852. - Throughout the US; primarily sold in the North. - Increased tensions. Abolitionists increased protests against Fugitive Slave Act & southerners argued book was an attack on the South.

  15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe

  16. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Kansas-Nebraska Act WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Senator Stephen Douglas, Congress, territories of Kansas & Nebraska. - Douglas introduced bill to create territories of Kansas & Nebraska. If passed, would repeal the Missouri Compromise = popular sovereignty. - Kansas-Nebraska Act passed in 1854. - Congress, Kansas & Nebraska Territories. - Created bitterness between the North & the South in Congress & among the citizens.

  17. Kansas-Nebraska Act

  18. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Bleeding Kansas WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Settlers from the North (antislavery) & South (proslavery) who moved to Kansas, pro-slavery border “ruffians” from Missouri. - Popular sovereignty vote to elect a territorial legislature. Pro-slavery forces Missouri illegal voted in the election = voting fraud. Abolitionists establish their own government. - 1855-1856. - Kansas Territory. - Civil war violence broke out in Kansas = 200+ people are killed. Becomes hotspot for tensions during American Civil War.

  19. Bleeding Kansas John Steuart Curry’s “Tragic Prelude”

  20. Violence in the Senate (1856) Preston Brookes (SC) attacking Charles Sumner (MA)

  21. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Dred Scott Decision (Dred Scott v. Sanford) WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Dred Scott, Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney (from MD). - Dred Scott, slave from Missouri, was taken north of the 36º30’ line & lived in Illinois & Wisconsin (free territories). Returned with master to Missouri. When master died; he filed lawsuit for his freedom; claiming he was free because he had lived in free territories. - 1856 = presented to Supreme Court; 1857 = decision. - Supreme Court; dealt with state of Missouri, & Illinois & Wisconsin territories. - Justice Taney = slaves did not have citizens’ rights; Dred had no claim to freedom since suit started in Missouri (slave); declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. Stated Congress could not ban spread of slavery = interfered with slaveholders property rights.

  22. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney Dred Scott

  23. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry, VA WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - John Brown, 21 men (black & white), US Marines, Colonel Robert E. Lee. - John Brown & his men planned to raid the arsenal & equip local slaves with weapons to revolt with. - October 1859. - Harpers Ferry, Virginia. - US Marines under the command of Col Robert. E Lee put down the rebellion. John Brown is tried for high treason and hanged = becomes martyr for the abolitionist cause.

  24. John Brown’s Raid on the Harpers Ferry Arsenal (1859) John Brown

  25. Unit 5: Civil War & Reconstruction Pre-Civil War Political & Social Tensions (Indicator USHC-3.1) Election of 1860 WHO was involved (people, states, territories ,etc.)? WHATwas the issue/event at hand (explain it)? WHEN did this issues/event take place (general period, specific)? WHEREin the U.S. did this issue/event concern? HOWwas it resolved (or was it)? - Abraham Lincoln (Republican), Stephen Douglas (northern Democrat), & John C. Breckenridge (southern Democrat). - Election of the next president; the issue of slavery (continuation & spread of). - November 1860. - Nationwide. - Lincoln took less than half of popular vote (split between 4 candidates), but won election (electoral vote). The South threatened to secede (SC first in Dec 1860). Confederate States (CSA) formed in Feb 1861.

  26. Election of 1860

  27. Slavery’s Expansion (Animated Graphic)

  28. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up 2nd Nine Weeks Bell Ringer #4 (14 & 15 Nov) 4.) Which of the following was NOT a key part of the Supreme Courts’ decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)? a.) The decision declared the Missouri Compromise (1820) unconstitutional. b.) Slaves did not have equal protection under the law. c.) It declared that any slave taken to a free territory/state would be freed. d.) It stated that Congress could not ban the spread of slavery. CORRECT ANSWER: C

  29. The North Versus the South Directions: In many ways, the eventual outcome of the Civil War could have been predicted by the differences between the two sides from the war’s onset. You are to copy this chart into your notes and fill in the blanks with the information found in the reading in Chapters 10 and 11.

  30. The North Versus the South 9 Million (3.5-4 million were slaves) 22 Million

  31. The North Versus the South 11 23

  32. The North Versus the South Industrial Agricultural

  33. The North Versus the South 2/3 (20,000 Miles of Track) 96% of Railroad Equipment 1/3 (9,000 Miles of Track) 4% of Railroad Equipment

  34. Railroads of the Confederacy (1861)

  35. The North Versus the South $56 Million in Gold 75% of the Wealth $0 in Gold 25% of the Wealth

  36. The North Versus the South Against In Favor Of

  37. The North Versus the South More than 80% Less than 20%

  38. The North Versus the South Strong Banking System In-Place (81% of the nation’s deposits) Weak/Small Banking System

  39. The North Versus the South Stronger Tradition: Proven Leaders, Military Academies, & soldiers accustomed to horse-back riding and the use of hunting rifles. Weaker Tradition: Lower Skilled Leaders, and soldiers accustomed to working in factories and not with horses or guns.

  40. The North Versus the South A Graphical Comparison

  41. Attack on Ft. Sumter Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861) - Opening shots @ Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor. - Confederate forces fired on Union re-supply ships. - Justified Lincoln’s calling up 75,000 troops. Edmund Ruffin Ft. Sumter’s bombardment

  42. South Carolina: Ft. Sumter in 1861 Ft. Sumter Prior to the Opening Shots of the War: 1861

  43. South Carolina: Ft. Sumter in 1865 Ruins of Ft. Sumter following Union bombardment: 1865

  44. Northern Military Strategies The Union’s Threefold Strategy (North): 1.) Blockade South’s ports to cut off European supplies. 2.) Split Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. 3.) Attack Confederate capital at Richmond, VA. Union General-In-Chief Winfield Scott Scott’s “Anaconda Plan”

  45. Southern Military Strategy The Confederacy’s Strategy (South): 1.) Fight a defensive war; use European supplies gained from the sale of cotton, until the North tired of the war (Cotton Diplomacy). 2.) Fight on southern soil (defense) = North looks like the aggressor. South’s “Cotton Diplomacy”

  46. Today’s Lesson Standard / Indicator Standard USHC-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how regional and ideological differences led to the Civil War and an understanding of the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on democracy in America. USHC-3.2: Summarize the course of the Civil War & its impact on democracy, including the major turning points; the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation; the unequal treatment afforded to African American military units; the geographic, economic, and political factors in the defeat of the Confederacy; & the ultimate defeat of the idea of secession.

  47. Daily “Bell Ringer” Warm Up 2nd Nine Weeks Bell Ringer #5 (20 & 26 Nov) 5.) The opening shots of the Civil War by Confederate forces on Ft. Sumter gave President Lincoln the justification to: a.) sue the Confederacy for terms of peace. b.) call for the raising of 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion. c.) seek an alliance with Britain before the confederacy could. d.) declare that slavery was now illegal in the United States. CORRECT ANSWER: B

  48. The United States at the Onset of the Civil War (1861)

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