Geology: The study of the Earth

1. Geology: The study of the Earth Objective: Identify the structural layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantel, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere.

2. Warm Up: (In your spiral) • Create a picture representing your understanding of why volcanoes and earthquakes occur.

3. Exploring Inside the Earth Geologists have used evidence from rock samples and evidence from seismic waves to learn about Earth’s interior. Geologists are scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet Earth. Geologyis the study of planet Earth.

4. Studying Surface Changes Constructive forces shape the surface by building up mountains. Destructive forces are those that slowly wear away mountains and, eventually, every other feature on the surface.

5. Three main layers make up Earth’s interior: the crust, the mantle, and the core. Each layer has its own PHYSICAL PROPERTIES and COMPOSITION. The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY

6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xL6sKtG2UVs

8. Crust Physical Properties: Composition: Mantle Physical Properties: Composition: Outer core Physical Properties: Physical Properties: State of matter Temperature Thickness Density information Composition: (What elements or Compounds make up this layer?) Composition: Place Glue Here Inner Core Phy: Comp:

9. Read the Information Sheet on each layer. 2. Make notes on the foldable to describe the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES and COMPOSITION of each layer. Physical Properties: Composition: (What elements or Compounds make up this layer?)

10. Warm Up: Work on Volcano and Earthquake drawing Write this statement on the same page as drawing. Geologist can study volcanoes to learn more about the physical properties of the mantle, like temperature. Scientist can study earthquakes to learn about tectonic plate movement.

11. Crust Physical Properties: Composition: The lithosphere is part of the upper most part of the mantel and all of this layer, _________. Mantle Physical Properties: Liquid or Molten metals Composition: Outer core Physical Properties: Coolest layer Iron (Fe) & Nickel (Ni) Solid metal Broken in pieces Composition: Densest materials The asthenosphere, which is a SOLID that flows called plasticity, is in this layer. Iron (Fe) Inner Core Phy: Iron (Fe) & Magnesium (Mg) Temp: 6,000C Comp: Thickest Layer 2,900 km Temp: 4,000C – 5,000 Fe2, SiO4, Mg2SiO4, Al2(SiO4)3

12. Label each layer. Color each layer using teacher directions. Cut apart on the DOTTED LINES. Do not cut the solid lines.

14. Show your Knowledge Number 1 to 4. Name each layer of the Earth. Write the physical property that applies next to that layer. Solid metal Liquid or Molten metals Coolest layer 3 1 2 4 Broken in pieces The asthenosphere, which is a SOLID that flows called plasticity, is in this layer.

15. Types of Heat Transfer There are three types of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection. Radiation – the transfer of energy through empty space Heat transfer – the movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object Conduction – heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter

16. Convection Currents Heating and cooling of the fluid, changes in the fluid’s density, and the force of gravity combine to set convection currents in motion. Convection currents – the flow that transfers heat within a fluid Convection – heat transfer by the movement of a h eated fluid

17. Convection Currents in Earth Heat from the core and the mantle causes convection currents in the mantle. This is how the heat is transferred. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

19. Figure X.  Recent earthquakes (yellow) and volcanoes (red) of the world plotted against tectonic plate boundaries. 2.3.1 Earthquakes Recent earthquakes (yellow) and volcanoes (red) of the world plotted against tectonic plate boundaries.