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Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines

Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines. Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by NASA’s Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program. LOCATION OF VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

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Geology and Remote Sensing of Mt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes, the Philippines

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  1. Geology and Remote Sensing ofMt. Pinatubo & Taal Volcanoes,the Philippines Peter Mouginis-Mark University of Hawaii pmm@pgd.hawaii.edu Work funded by NASA’s Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program

  2. LOCATION OF VOLCANOESIN THE PHILIPPINES

  3. Landsat 7 coverage(obtained over 3 different days)

  4. Mt. PINATUBO ERUPTIONSJune 1991

  5. Prior to eruption

  6. Fumaroles on flanks, April 1991

  7. June 12th, 1991 eruption

  8. Giant pyroclastic flows, June 15th 1991form off of collapsing eruption column

  9. The view from space via theJapanese GMS-5 geostationary satellite

  10. Early effects on the ground

  11. Sediment-laden rivers destroy roads & bridges

  12. Major landscape changes: Pyroclastic flows in-filled pre-existing river valleys (the peaksin two views below are the same feature)

  13. AIR PHOTOS

  14. Summit caldera of Mt. Pinatubo, Nov. 1999.The low-point in the rim is a future hazardas the lake will eventually over-top here.

  15. Typical view of eastern flank, Nov. 1999

  16. Erosion of ignimbrite fan onNW. flank, November 1999

  17. Erosion of river valley on thenorthern flank, Nov. 1999

  18. Sediment fills valley floor downslope on lower E. flank November 1999

  19. Detail of lahar-filled valleyE. flank, Nov. 1999

  20. GROUND PHOTOS

  21. Exploring eroded valley, SW flankNov. 1999

  22. Crossing the sediment-laden streams is a real challenge! So much sediment is in these streams that they easily knock you over.

  23. Valley erosion can be extreme in places:Up to 20 m down-cutting during onetyphoon! This mosaic shows the remains of the 1991 deposit (white unit) that has been cut by younger flash floods

  24. Erosion within the 1991 deposit

  25. Erosion of 1991 deposit

  26. Amazinglandscapes!

  27. Vegetation is starting to grow back on westernfan. Summit of Mt. Pinatubo in background

  28. “LAHARS” (MUDFLOWS) ANDTHE RESULTANT DAMAGE

  29. Major changes in valley floor elevation aftersingle lahar has formed after typhoon.

  30. The impact on villages within the path of a lahar can be extreme

  31. While old houses are buried, new homesare built on stilts to try to avoid the next lahar

  32. An old church has been partially-buried sothat you now enter on the 2nd floor. RonnieTorres shows the church prior to the lahars.

  33. Giant dikes made from old lahar and covered withconcrete now try to protect areas from new lahars

  34. The contrast between areas protected by thedikes and unprotected is striking -- and it’sall an issue of insurance for redevelopment!

  35. Some homes, once buried by lahar, andnow being exposed by recent erosion

  36. REMOTE SENSINGDATA

  37. Landsat 7Path 116Row 50

  38. RADARSAT radar backscatter imageof Mt. Pinatubo, February 1998

  39. SPOT image of Mt. Pinatubo December 1991

  40. RADARSAT radar backscatter image of western fan of Mt. Pinatubo

  41. Clark Air Base: RADARSAT standard beam data set (25 m/pixel)

  42. SPOT data of Mt. Pinatubo summit area soon after the eruption

  43. Comparison of NW Summitfrom SPOT dataobtained between1991 and 1998Red showsvegetation,the ash depositsare light blue Summit is atlower right

  44. Changes in Mt. Pinatubo lahar deposits. Lower Pasig-Potrero River 1991 - 1996

  45. ERS-1 radar backscatter image ofPasig-Potrero River showinglow-backscatter lahar deposits

  46. Shaded relief image of lahar fans SE ofMt. Pinatubo summit from NASA TOPSAR topographic data

  47. Nighttime Landsat 7 thermal dataof Mt. Pinatubo shows warm streams

  48. TAAL VOLCANO(just south of Manila)

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