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Environmental value systems. Manish Kr. Semwal GMIS Jakarta. Definition.
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Environmental value systems Manish Kr. Semwal GMIS Jakarta
Definition • An environmental value system is a system in the sense that it has inputs (for example, education, cultural influences, religious doctrine, media) and outputs (for example, decisions, perspectives, courses of action) determined by processing these inputs.
What is the need of Environmental Value System? • Ecosystems may often cross national boundaries and this may lead to conflict arising from the clash of different value systems about exploitation of resources (for example, ocean fishing and whaling).
Deep ecologists 1 Intrinsic importance of nature for the humanity of man. 2 Ecological (and other natural) laws dictate human morality. 3 Biorights—the right of endangered species or unique landscapes to remain unmolested.
Self-reliance soft ecologists 1 Emphasis on smallness of scale and hence community identity in settlement, work and leisure. 2 Integration of concepts of work and leisure through a process of personal and communal improvement. 3 Importance of participation in community affairs, and of guarantees of the rights of minority interests. Participation seen as both a continuing education and a political function.
Environmental managers 1 Belief that economic growth and resource exploitation can continue assuming. 2 Acceptance of new project appraisal techniques and decision review arrangements to allow for wider discussion or genuine search for consensus among representative groups of interested parties.
Cornucopians 1 Belief that man can always find a way out of any difficulties, either political, scientific or technological. 2 Acceptance that progrowth goals define the rationality of project appraisal and policy formulation. 3 Optimism about the ability of man to improve the lot of the world’s people. 4 Faith that scientific and technological expertise provides the basic foundation for advice on matters pertaining to economic growth, public health and safety. 5 Suspicion of attempts to widen basis for participation and lengthy discussion in project appraisal and policy review. 6 Belief that all impediments can be overcome given a will, ingenuity and sufficient resources arising out of growth.
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, and the Environmental Movement • Almost 30 years after its publication, the book Silent Spring (Carson, 1962b) is instantly recognized, evoking ominous images of DDT, bird and fish kills, and pesticide danger. The book can still galvanize reaction in readers and engender controversy.
Rachel Carson, The Woman Carson in 1929 when she was awarded a fellowship for summer study at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. This was the year that she first viewed the ocean.
Minamata Bay Tragedy • Minamata is located on the Western coast of Kyushu, Japan's southernmost island (see map). Its disturbing story begins, perhaps, in the 1930s, as the town was continuing to shed its heritage as a poor fishing and farming village. In 1932 the Chisso Corporation, an integral part of the local economy since 1907, began to manufacture acetaldehyde, used to produce plastics. As we know now, mercury from the production process began to spill into the bay. Though no one knew until decades later, the heavy metal became incorporated into methyl mercury chloride: an organic form that could enter the food chain. At the time, Minamata residents relied almost exclusively on fish and shellfish from the bay as a source of protein. For us, today, the threat of pollution is immediately evident. But one must not fail to appreciate the historical context in which neither scientific experience nor a pervasive environmental awareness could offer such an explicit warning.
Bhopal Gas Tragedy • The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was an industrial disaster that took place at a Union Carbide pesticide plant in the Indian city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. At midnight on 3 December 1984, the plant (accidentally) released an estimated 42 tonnes of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas, exposing more than 500,000 people to MIC and other chemicals. The first official immediate death toll was 2,259. The government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release. Others estimate 8,000-10,000 died within 72 hours and 25,000 have since died from gas-related diseases
Chernobyl • The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactoraccident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union). It is considered to be the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history and the only level 7 event on the International Nuclear Event Scale. It resulted in a severe release of radioactivity following a massive power excursion that destroyed the reactor. Most deaths from the accident were caused by radiation poisoning.
Environmental value systems in societies. • Indian- Hindus • Buddhist • Judaeo‑Christian societies • Communist and capitalist societies.
The environmental philosophy of an individual, as with that of a community will inevitably be shaped by cultural, economic and socio-political context. • If it is in you so start working for Environmental Protection…… Can YOU????
Any one can be an Environmentalist • The Chipko Movement has attracted world-wide attention. The image of poor, rural women in the hills of northern India standing with their arms around trees to prevent them being cut down is a romantic and compelling one. The reality, in many ways, fits the image: the Chipko Movement can indeed be considered an important success story in the fight to secure women's rights, in the process of local community development through forestry and in environmental protection. But there are more complicated implications as well. It is important to understand the history of Chipko and the context in which it arose - and is still evolving.
Thank You • Manish Kr. Semwal
