Linus Carl Pauling A Glimpse of His Life and Works

1. LinusCarlPaulingA Glimpse of His Life and Works Nobel Prize for Chemistry Award Recipient for the Year 1954 Nobel Prize for Peace Award Recipient for the Year 1962 Presented by: Mr.Zakariya T. Muripaga I - MS Chemistry MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology

3. …Pauling was included in a list of the 20 greatest scientists of all time by the magazine New Scientist, with Albert Einstein being the only other scientist from the twentieth century on the list…

4. Early Life Linus Carl Pauling is the first child of Herman Pauling (1876–1910) and Lucy Isabelle Darling (1881–1926). Born on February 28, 1901 in Portland, Oregon, USA to an impoverished family Of German-Irish descent During his early childhood finished reading the Holy Bible, Darwin’s Book of Evolution and an avid reader of Encyclopaedia Britannica Showed superb academic excellence After seeing a home experiment set by a friend and classmate Lloyd A. Jeffress ,he made up his mind to become a chemist in 1914

5. I am the proud father of Linus Pauling Thank God, I am spared of reading those piles of encyclopedia thing… Herman Henry William Pauling

6. Early Life He collected insects and minerals and read omnivorously Ironically, entered college (Oregon Agricultural College) without a high school diploma Due to financial constraints was offered a teaching post and he became a “boy professor”, being an instructor in OAC in 1919, giving seminar to elder professors about the nature of the chemical bond Strongly influenced by the work of G. N. Lewis and I. Langmuir and thus sparked his "strong desire to understand the physical and chemical properties of substances in relation to the structure of the atoms and molecules of which they are composed," which determined the course of his long life. Pauling resumed his student status and graduated in 1922 with a B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering

7. The Intellectual Inspiration… Gilbert Newton Lewis Irving Langmuir

9. In Pasadena, CaliforniaStart of ScientificCareer… Pauling came to the California Institute of Technology as a graduate student in 1922 and remained there for more than forty years. chose Caltech because he could obtain a doctorate there in three years (Harvard required six) and because Arthur Amos Noyes--a physical chemist- -offered him a modest stipend as part-time instructor. Pauling's doctoral work was on the determination of crystal structures by X-ray diffraction analysis under the direction of Roscoe Gilkey Dickinson (1894-1945 graduated in 1925 for his PhD in Chemistry had published twelve papers, most on inorganic crystal structures, including one with Peter Debye (1884-1966) on dilute ionic solutions (Debye and Pauling, 1925) and one with Richard Tolman (1881-1948) on the entropy of supercooled liquids at 0 K (Pauling and Tolman, 1925).

10. A Young ProfessionalGraduating with flying colors… Graduated his B. Sc. Chemical Engineering degree, with meritorious distinction, in 1922 in Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University, OSU) Graduated his Ph. D. in physical chemistry and mathematical physics, summa cum laude, in 1925 in the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Irony: Technically graduated his High School in 1962, his school Washington High School awarded him his high school diploma

12. In Pasadena, CaliforniaStart of ScientificCareer… In April, 1926 he accompanied by his wife--Ava Helen Miller-- was sent off for a fellowship in the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Munich, Germany. While in Europe he was among the first to consider the practical applications of quantum mechanics to molecular systems Came back to Caltech as assistant professor of Theoretical Chemistry and later promoted to full professor

13. CalTech and BeyondFine Achievements of a Lifetime… Among the remarkable work of Pauling was his contributions to the fields of Quantum chemistry, Biochemistry and most specifically his ideas on the Nature of Chemical Bond. He made insights on many a crucial concepts in chemistry, among them : Pauling's ionic radii Pauling's rules of stereochemistry of minerals LCAO principle in Quantum Chemistry Resonance (resonance structures) Pauling’s electronegativity Related studies in molecular biology: protein structure, DNA & RNA, hemoglobin, antibody-antigen interaction et al Fierce Apostle of Vitamin C “Panacea”

15. Want some citrus orange? It is rich in Vitamin C which is excellent for the body.

16. Political IdeologyBeing a Lifelong Pacifist… Linus Carl Pauling is not only known for his scientific achievements but also for his ideals of world peace. On August 1945 (during WWII), he made an active stance on his campaigns of nuclear disarmament of USA fearing the implication of a cascading atomic/nuclear threats. Actively participated in protests against nuclear weapon s development Signed petitions and spoke eloquently about the danger of the impending atomic weapons age Outwardly warning people of nuclear fallout Because of the deeds, those were enough to label Linus Carl Pauling as a security risk to the US and was closely watched by the FBI and at times banned to travel out of the US. His efforts paid later on as US and other countries agreed to the worldwide Nuclear Disarmament.

19. “I like people. I like animals, too—whales and quail, dinosaurs and dodos. But I like human beings especially, and I am unhappy that the pool of human germ plasm, which determines the nature of the human race, is deteriorating.” Linus Pauling (1901 - 1994) U.S. Scientist. Said on winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. Referring to radioactive fallout. from The New York Times

20. Pauling’s comment on hydrogen bonding: …Because of its small bond energy and the small activation energy involved in its formation and rupture, the hydrogen bond is especially suited to play a part in reactions occurring at normal temperatures… it will be found that the significance of the hydrogen bond for physiology is greater than that of any other single structural feature…

21. HEART over MINDRomantic side… Pauling’s one true love and lifelong companion is Ava Helen Miller Their love story started sometime when Linus was a professor of chemistry in his final year in OAC as he was given opportunity to teach, this time an introductory chemistry course for young women students of home economics. This new teaching episode had important consequences for his future. One of the students was Ava Helen Miller, who became his wife in a marriage that lasted almost sixty years. Pauling married Ava Helen Miller of Beaver Creek, Oregon, in 1923. She is of English-Scottish and German descent. They have four children, Linus (Carl) Jr. (1925), Peter Jeffress (1931), Linda Helen (1932) and Edward Crellin (1937), and thirteen grandchildren.

22. Linus Carl Pauling and Ava Helen Miller through thick and thin… (The photo above shows the couple inspecting the Nobel Prize Award of Linus Pauling; the left photo is taken sometime after Pauling graduated his PhD)

23. PAULING as a MANhis Persona, his human nature… Pauling lived a long and productive life As scientist, influenced several generations of chemists and biologists until the present As political activist, challenged the political and military establishment of the US and helped to change them As health crusader persuaded millions of people to take supplemental vitamins His lectures were spellbinding, and he had a characteristically simple and direct literary style Pauling was certainly aware of his own intellectual superiority, but he could be patient in dealing with the slowness of the slow witted I believe he was basically rather shy He was a formidable thinker, both at the problem-solving level and about fundamentals and he had a remarkable capacity to visualize complex three-dimensional structures

24. PAULING as a MANhis Persona, his human nature… In addition to his Nobel Prizes Pauling was awarded dozens of honors and distinctions, including honorary doctorates from Oregon State College, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, Reed College, and the Universities of Chicago, Princeton, Yale, Cambridge, London, Oxford, Paris, Toulouse, Montepellier, Lyon, Liège, Humboldt (Berlin), Melbourne, York (Toronto), New Brunswick, and Warsaw. His election to membership in the National Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of London, AcadémieFrançaise des Sciences, and AkademiyaNauk SSR may be specially mentioned. He published a heave of articles and books, scientific and literary alike. He certainly did become not merely as bread winner to his family but a responsible father (to four children), caring son and a brother; and a loyal friend. His name will always be remembered.

25. The MASTERPiece

26. A NOBLELegacyHis Nobel Memoirs… Nobel Prize for Chemistry Award Recipient for the Year 1954 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 was awarded to Linus Pauling: "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances". Nobel Prize for Peace Award Recipient for the Year 1962

27. Scienceis the Search for Truth. Linus Carl Pauling

28. References As cited in the websites: en.wikipedia.org www.chemicalheritagefoundation.com www.nobelprize.org www.linuspaulingbiography.com Dunitz, Jack D. (November 1996). "Linus Carl Pauling, February 28, 1901–August 19, 1994" (– Scholar search). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 42: 316–338. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0020. Goertzel, Ted; Ben Goertzel (1995). Linus Pauling: A Life in Science and Politics. Basic Books. ISBN 0465006728. Hager, Thomas (1995). Force of Nature: The Life of Linus Pauling. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684809095. Hager, Thomas (1998). Linus Pauling and the Chemistry of Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195139720. Marinacci, Barbara; Ramesh Krishnamurthy (1998). Linus Pauling on Peace. Rising Star Press. ISBN 0933670036. Mead, Clifford; Thomas Hager (eds.) (2001). Linus Pauling: Scientist and Peacemaker. Oregon State University Press. ISBN 0870714899. Serafini, Anthony (1989). Linus Pauling: A Man and His Science. Paragon House. ISBN 155778440X.