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Umayyad Empire

Umayyad Empire. By Shahan Hatharasinghe, Shravan Rajan and Stephen Daspit. Map of the Umayyad Empire. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Umayyad-Empire.png. Key Terms. Caliph: the political and religious successor of Muhammad

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Umayyad Empire

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  1. Umayyad Empire By Shahan Hatharasinghe, Shravan Rajan and Stephen Daspit

  2. Map of the Umayyad Empire http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Umayyad-Empire.png

  3. Key Terms • Caliph: the political and religious successor of Muhammad • Abu Bakr: Muhammad’s father in law, the first caliph from 632 to 634 • Ridda Wars: a set of military campaigns against the rebellion of several Arabic tribes against the Caliph Abu Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, after prophet Muhammad died. • Jihad: holy wars waged by Muslims against infidels • Copts: native Egyptian Christian • Nestorians: the church of the east, a Christian church

  4. Key Terms continued • Uthman: the third caliph • Battle of Siffin: occurred during the First Fitna, or First Muslim civil war, with the main engagement taking place from July 26 to July 28. • Mu’awiya: the new leader of the Umayyads, The first claliph • Sunnis: supporters of Umayyads • Shi’a: supporters of Ali • Karbala: a city of central Iraq to the south of Baghdad • Damascus: a political capital for the Umayyad Empire

  5. Key Terms continued • Mawali: Muslim converts • Jizya: tax imposed to non-islam’s by Muslim kings • Dhimmi: “people of the book” • Hadiths: traditions of the prophet • Abbasid: third of the Islamic Caliph’s • Battle of the River Zab: Victory of Abbasid over the Umayyad’s, results in capture of Umayyad Empire

  6. Ummayad Empire • Muhammad death in 632, no leader selected to take leadership • Abu Bakr one of Muhammad's friends from the Umayyad clan was chosen http://www.destination360.com/middle-east/syria/umayyad

  7. Ummayad Empire • Holy wars called jihads were started to try and spread the Muslim religion. • Muslim armies were successful in most battles and thought Sasanian empire was more vulnerable • Third caliph Uthman was killed by mutinous soldiers coming back from Egypt

  8. Ummayad Empire • Ali wanted to try and steal leadership from the Ummayads • Ummayad forces almost defeated in the Battle of Siffin • Mu'awiya named new leader of the Umayyads challenging Ali's position • Ali assassinated a year after Mu'awiya was appointed. • Sunnis(supported Ummayads) Shi'as(supported Ali) split

  9. Ummayad Empire • Damascus was the Ummayad capital • Caliphs built imperial administration with a bureacracy and military division. • The conquered people were mostly dimmis. Soon christians and hindus were conquered. Dhimmis had to pay but had religious freedom.

  10. Ummayad Empire • Male domination was common • Men could have up to 4 wives, but women could only have one husband. • All wives must be treated equally • Islamic laws left women in better positions than those in civilized cultures

  11. Umayyad Mosque http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/imageislam/Umayyad.jpg

  12. Umayyad Empire • Rewards from successful battles provided a high class life, and weakened the army. • Riots were held throughout the empire, as Muslims thought this was a retreat from Islamic ways • Warriors felt as if they were cheated out of loot. • Rebels brought the end of the Ummayad Empire

  13. An Umayyad Tomb http://www.atlastours.net/jordan/prophet_hud_shrine.jpg

  14. World Impact The Umayyad Empire was the first major Islamic Empire It: • 1. Put an end to the great Mediterranean and Persian civilizations • 2. Was the starting point of many Muslim conquests • 3. Made the split between Sunni and Shi'a • 4. Spread Islam throughout North Africa and Middle Asia • 5. Made Powerful enemies that would succeed tham and eventually conquer much more territory

  15. Interesting Fact • Interesting Fact After helping the Umayyad Empire and then being shunned by them, the mawali joined forces with the Shi'a under al-Abbas, a distant relative of Muhammad. http://www.barakatgallery.com/Auction/ItemImgs/ACFE73.gif

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