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GNU / Linux

GNU / Linux. A free operating system. History What can you find on a Linux OS Linux Economy. Summary. GNU/Linux is a Free Operating System It runs on different architectures from Intel to Motorola It can replace Windows XP or Mac OS X It is also used in embedded systems.

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GNU / Linux

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  1. GNU / Linux A free operating system

  2. History • What can you find on a Linux OS • Linux Economy Summary

  3. GNU/Linux is a Free Operating System • It runs on different architectures from Intel to Motorola • It can replace Windows XP or Mac OS X • It is also used in embedded systems What is GNU/Linux …

  4. Linux was born in 1991 in Finland

  5. To become a free 3D desktop OS …

  6. Richard Stallman wrote the GNU manifesto in 1984 • GNU was the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which Stallman was writing at the time • What does GNU stand for ? GNU is Not Unix • GNU is Not Unix • GNU is Not Unix • GNU is Not Unix • … In the beginning there was the gnu…

  7. “Unix is not my ideal system, but it’s not too bad” • Unix is a OS created with the philosophy “everything is a file” • Unix was at the time a very expensive piece of software used by scientists and the military Why UNIX-like ?

  8. Born in 1953 in Manhattan, New York • Student at Harvard • Programmer at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the MIT • In the 70’s he was an active member of the hacker community of the MIT • He finally founded the GNU movement in 1983. He is the author of “emacs” Is Richard Stallman The Messy ?!

  9. In January 1984, he quit his job at MIT to work full time on the GNU project • In Venezuela, Stallman has delivered public speeches and promoted the adoption of free software • Meetings with the government of the Indian State of Kerala, he persuaded officials to discard proprietary software Stallman the activist

  10. Stallman did not write the Kernel • The Kernel is the heart of the GNU system • The man who wrote it is called Linus Torvalds • He is from Finland that’s mostly why the logo is a penguin Why do we call this system Linux ?

  11. Born in Finland in 1969 • At the age of 21 he posted to the minix community his first OS mostly written in C • By the end of September 1991 the version 0.01 of Linux was released on the internet with 10 239 lines of code Linus Torvalds

  12. Debian • Fedora • Mandriva • Red Hat • Slackware • SuSE • Gentoo Familly of GNU/LINUX

  13. History of Unix-like systems

  14. History • What can we find on this OS • Linux Economy Summary

  15. True preempting multi-task • Virtual memory • Shared libraries … • Memory management • Internet Protocol • Threading All you need to run a system The Kernel features

  16. The programmers will find their classical interface The user interfaces

  17. The user interfaces

  18. The user interfaces

  19. The user interfaces

  20. Web Browsers • FTP Clients • Http Servers • Image Processing software • Instant Messengers • Office Suite • Development tools • GNU Compiler Collection (gcc) • Etc … • Software Internet Depositary Management Open Source Softwares

  21. Originally named the GNU C Compiler started by Richard Stallman in 1985 • GCC provides compilers for C, C++, Java, and Fortran … • The Linux Kernel is compiled with GCC • It supports dozens of target processors • GCC is now maintained by a varied group of programmers from around the world The GNU Compiler Collection

  22. Historically the kernel has been made to be a server • Out of the top 500 supercomputers 75.2% run Linux • Eight of the ten most reliable internet hosting companies run Linux on their web servers GNU/Linux as a Server

  23. Television set-top boxes, mobile phones, and handheld devices use Linux • Linux has become a major competitor to the proprietary Symbian OS found in many mobile phones • Several network firewall and router standalone products • The Korg OASYS music workstation synthesizer also runs Linux GNU/Linux as an Embedded system

  24. History and presentation of the protagonist • What can we find on this OS • Linux Economy Summary

  25. Free software, as defined by the Free Software Foundation, is software which can be used, copied, studied, modified and redistributed with little or no restriction This foundation gave birth to the Global Public License (GPL)

  26. What is free and what is not

  27. Some of Linux distributions are freely downloadable and some are sold with proprietary software • Freeware such as adobe acrobat are not open source projects • There is a difference between the cost and whether you have access to the code Linux but not for Free

  28. Many firms sell Linux OS • Red Hat or Mandriva are not free • The kernel cannot be sold because it is distributed under GPL license • Maintenance services can be sold • Documentation can be sold Linux Business

  29. Still time ? Demonstration !

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