Affordable Care Act of 2010: Major Provisions and Implementation Timeline

1. Affordable Care Act of 2010: Major Provisions and Implementation Timeline Karen Davis and Sara R. Collins Media Teleconference The Commonwealth Fund April 16, 2010

2. Source of Insurance Coverage Pre-Reform and Under Affordable Care Act, 2019 23 M (8%) Uninsured 24 M (9%) Exchanges (Private Plans) 54 M (19%) Uninsured 16 M (6%) Other 16 M (6%) Other 162 M (57%) ESI 159 M (56%) ESI 10 M (4%) Nongroup 15 M (5%) Nongroup 51 M (18%) Medicaid 35 M (12%) Medicaid Pre-Reform Affordable Care Act Among 282 million people under age 65 * Employees whose employers provide coverage through the exchange are shown as covered by their employers (5 million), thus about 29 million people would be enrolled through plans in the exchange. Note: ESI is Employer-Sponsored Insurance. Source: S. R. Collins, K. Davis, J. L. Nicholson, S. D. Rustgi, and R. Nuzum, The Health Insurance Provisions of the Affordable Care Act: Implications for Coverage, Affordability, and Costs, The Commonwealth Fund, (forthcoming).

3. Health Insurance Reforms: 2010 • State option to expand Medicaid to adults to 133% FPL • Temporary high risk pool • Young adults on parent’s plans • Annual review of premium increases • Employer retiree health benefits reinsurance • Small business tax credits • Public reporting by insurers on share of premiums spent on non-medical costs • No pre-existing condition exclusions for children • Coverage and no cost-sharing for preventive care in Medicare and private plans • Prohibitions against lifetime benefit caps & rescissions • $250 rebates for Medicare Part D enrollees in "donut hole" Source: The Commonwealth Fund, Timeline for Health Care Reform Implementation: Health Insurance Provisions, (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, April 2010).

4. Health Insurance Reforms: 2011 - 2013 • Insurers must spend at least 85% of premiums (large group) or 80% (small group/individual) on medical costs or provide rebates to enrollees • 50% discounts on brand-name drugs to Medicare part D enrollees in the donut hole • Over-the-counter drug costs reimbursement restrictions in flexible spending accounts and account based health plans • Increased tax on non-medical distributions from health savings accounts (HSAs) • Establish national, voluntary insurance program for purchasing community living assistance services and supports (CLASS program) • Insurer administrative simplification requirements • Limits on contributions to flexible spending accounts to $2500/year Source: The Commonwealth Fund, Timeline for Health Care Reform Implementation: Health Insurance Provisions, (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, April 2010).

5. Health Insurance Reforms: 2014-2018 • Medicaid expanded to 133% FPL • Insurance market reforms including no rating on health • State insurance exchanges • Essential benefit standard • Premium and cost sharing credits for exchange plans • Premium increases a criteria for carrier exchange participation • Increase in small business tax credit • Individual requirement to have insurance • Employer shared responsibility penalties • CHIP reauthorization 2 year extension • Excise tax on high cost employer plans Source: The Commonwealth Fund, Timeline for Health Care Reform Implementation: Health Insurance Provisions, (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, April 2010).

6. Payment and System Reforms: 2010 - 2012 • Modify Medicare payment to providers to account for productivity improvements (2010) • 10 percent Medicare bonus payment to primary care providers for five years (2011) • Reduce Medicare payment for preventable hospital readmissions • Center for Medicare and Medicaid Payment Innovation to test payment and delivery system reforms (2011) • Shared savings to Accountable Care Organizations for Medicare savings relative to a cost benchmark • Eliminate Medicaid payment for hospital-acquired conditions (2011) • Reward hospitals that participate in a value-based purchasing program Source: The Commonwealth Fund, Timeline for Health Care Reform Implementation: System and Delivery Reform, (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, April 2010).

7. Payment and System Reforms: 2013 - 2016 • National voluntary pilot program on payment bundling for acute care episodes – providers to share in Medicare savings subject to quality performance • Create physician value-based payment program to promote increased quality of care for Medicare beneficiaries (2015) • New Independent Payment Advisory Board to present Congress with recommendations to reduce Medicare excess cost growth and improve quality of care along with non-binding recommendations for health system cost and quality • Reduce Medicare payments to hospitals with high rates of hospital-acquired infections (2015) • Bring Medicaid primary care payment up to Medicare levels Source: The Commonwealth Fund, Timeline for Health Care Reform Implementation: System and Delivery Reform, (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, April 2010).

8. System Reform Provisions of Affordable Care Act of 2010 • Health Insurance Exchange and Rules • Health insurance exchange administrative savings • Insurer rules: must meet 80–85 percent minimum medical loss ratio; ability to reject plans with unjustified premium increases prior to implementation • Choice of private plans, new private multi-state plans developed by OPM, and consumer cooperative plans • Standards on provider networks and payment for qualified health plans • Strengthen Prevention and Primary Care • Provide PCPs a 10% Medicare payment bonus for 5 years beginning in 2011 • Bring Medicaid primary care up to Medicare levels in 2013 and 2014 • Coverage of annual wellness visits, evidence-based preventive services without cost-sharing • Change Provider Payment • Shared savings initiative for accountable care organizations • Value-based purchasing for hospitals and physicians • Rapid-cycle testing of innovative payment methods through CMS Innovations Center: medical homes, bundled payment, global payment, other; Secretarial authority to spread in Medicare • Productivity improvement; reduction for high hospital readmissions • Independent Payment Advisory Board • Bonus payments to four- and five-star Medicare Advantage plans; level playing field

9. Major Sources of Costs, Savings and Revenues Compared with Projected Spending, Net Cumulative Effect on Federal Deficit, 2010–2019 Dollars in billions Note: Totals do not reflect net impact on deficit due to rounding. Source: Congressional Budget Office, Letter to the Honorable Nancy Pelosi, Mar. 20, 2010.