ERA 4: : Expansion & Reform 1801-1861

1. ERA 4: : Expansion & Reform 1801-1861

2. Thomas Jefferson & the Louisiana Purchase Chapter 6 Section 3 : Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

3. Presidential Election 1800 • MEET THE CANDIDATES… • Aaron Burr (fed) vs. • Thomas Jefferson (rep.)

4. 1800 ELECTION A TIE! • BOTH CANDIDATES RECEIVED the SAME AMMOUNT OF VOTES! • WHO WON?

5. HOUSE OF REPS. HAD TO DECIDE! • Alexander Hamilton DISLIKED Aaron Burr • More than he DISLIKED Thomas Jefferson • Urged all to vote for Jefferson “the lesser of 2 evils” • And he Spread gossip about BURR!!

6. Results… • Thomas Jefferson 3rd President • Aaron Burr Vice President (for 1 term)

7. Hamilton vs. Burr • The mutual “dislike” escalated • Alexander Hamilton continued to publically express his dislike towards Aaron Burr, so…

8. AARON BURR • CHALLENGED… • ALEXANDER HAMILTON TO A DUEL!!!

9. THE DUEL… • JULY 11TH, 1804 • Aaron Burr shot Alexander Hamilton • & Hamilton died ! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfeuU0NB5lg

10. Thomas Jefferson • Elected (3rd) President 1800 • Social Perspective: • Admired farmers • Hard working, independent, honest • “virtuous” people

11. Jefferson & Territorial Expansion • In 1800, Napoleon (France) • Acquired Louisiana Territory From Spain • Jefferson became interested in this territory

12. Jefferson & Territorial Expansion • T. Jefferson offered French $10 million • For New Orleans & land connected to Florida !!

13. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 • Negotiations • Napoleon asked for: • $15 MILLION OR .03 cents and acre • For New Orleans, and ENTIRE Louisiana Territory! • $3.12 an acre modern currency !

14. The Size of U.S. DOUBLED Overnight!

15. The Louisiana Purchase • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMh8RCqJf9U

16. LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITIONS 1804-1806 • Jefferson’s plan: • Sent Meriwether Lewis & William Clark • 1. To explore territory • 2. Find a route to the Pacific Ocean

17. The Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 • Began in: St. Louis Missouri • Ended in: Oregon Coast • Wrote “Journals” • Field notes (Accounts w/ various Native American Tribes) • Sketches (animals, plants, people, geography) • Drew Maps

18. The Real Sacagawea/ Explorer Style • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnT0k9wdDZo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB1GQRVG9Fc

19. SIGNIFICANCE of Lewis & Clark • 1. educated Americans about land “out west” • 2. Warned about hardships future settlers would face (rough terrain, weather, native Americans) • 3. Found a route which led to Pacific Ocean

20. Problems with Great Britain… • 1807 British ship fired @ U.S. ship Chesapeake • 3 Americans died • 4 American sailors forced into impressment –(American sailors are kidnapped and forced to join British Navy)

21. Embargo Act, 1807 • Prohibited U.S. ships from anchoring in foreign ports • Jefferson hoped to cripple Britain’s (& France’s) economy

22. The Embargo Act Backfired • U.S. was hurt economically – no trade!! • 30,000 sailors out of work • Hundreds merchants went bankrupt • Farmers in debt

23. James Madison & the War of 1812 Chapter 6 Section 4: The War of 1812

24. 1808 James Madison (4th President) • Immediate policy: • Re-opened trade with all nations except Britain & France • Britain retaliated by refusing to trade with U.S.

25. War of 1812- “Mr. Madison’s War” • Official Causes: • 1. British Impressment • 2. British violations of U.S. neutrality • 3. British alliance with Native Americans

26. U.S. Declared War on Britain 6/1/1812 • Underlying Causes: • 1. Economic recession- British trade policy affected American Economy • 2. Tension between U.S & Britain following the Revolutionary War

27. American Military Plan: • Troops were sent to Canada, Summer 1812 • Canada was a British territory • American troops burned buildings in Toronto • Were defeated by British

28. The British are Coming! • The British descended upon Washington D.C.! • The Battle of “Bladensburg” • American troops fledwithout firing a shot

29. Dolley Madison’s(President’s Wife) Letter- August 23-24, 1814 • “Will you believe it sister? We have had a battle near Bladensburg, and here I am still within sound of Cannon!...At this late hour a wagon has been procured, and I have filled it with plate and most valuable portable articles belonging to the house…”

30. What did Dolley Madison “SAVE”??

31. Dolly Madison’s Letter August 23-24, 1814 • “…I insist on waiting until the large picture of George Washington is secured…” 

32. The British Arrived at the Presidential Mansion… • Ate the food on the dinner table.. • And Burned Presidential Mansion and other public buildings in Washington D.C. 

33. Dolley Madison – Mini Bio • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cW_QMvrdBpU

34. War of 1812 Ended -August 1814 • Treaty of Ghent – Peace Treaty signed 1814 • restored status quo ante bellum (the state of things before the war) • Established boundary between U.S. & Canada

35. SIDENOTE! Battle of New Orleans • December, 1814 • British Troops attacked Americans in New Orleans • No one told them war was over!! • American General Andrew Jackson defeated British…

36. OUTCOME… • 1. Increased nationalism/American Identity • 2. Francis Scott Key inspired to compose • “The Star Spangled Banner” • 3. Presidential mansion re-named “white house”

37. Francis Scott key Writes the Star Spangled Banner (National Anthem) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiVryYnzmdI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD1heornT7Y • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9rbBoaonsQ

38. “Star Spangled Banner,” 1814 • Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early lightWhat so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

39. Andrew Jackson & Westward Expansion Chapter 7 Section 3

40. Controversy: Missouri Statehood 1820-1821 • 1819 House of Reps • Considered admitting Missouri as a state • 16% inhabitants were slaves

41. Missouri Statehood 1820-1821 • In 1819 Union had: • 11 Free states • 11 Slave states • If Missouri was admitted as slave state ,It would Upset balance

42. Missouri Compromise, 1820 • 1820 congress admitted: • 1. Missouri as a slave state • 2. Maine as a Free State • 3. Prohibited slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase territory • North of latitude 36-30

43. Also in 1819… • Adams- Onis Treaty : U.S. purchased Florida from Spain

44. Americans Start Moving West • 1816-1821 • Indiana • Mississippi • Illinois • Alabama • Maine • Missouri • 1840’s • California • Oregon / West

45. Early Pioneers • Migrated as families • Settled near Ohio & Mississippi Rivers

46. Andrew Jackson • President 1828-1837 • Encouraged movement of white settlers west • Saw Native Americans as obstacle

47. Indian Removal Act, 1830 • Immediate “re-settlement” of Native Americans living in: • Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, present day Illinois

48. 1830-1850 • 100,000 Native Americans • Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole • Forced to leave their ancestral lands

49. Trail of Tears, 1838 • U.S. General Winfield Scott & 7,000 troops • Sent to re-locate Cherokees who refused to move

50. Trail of Tears, 1838 • Forced to walk 800 miles to Oklahoma territory • 4,000 died along the way