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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Skeletal Functions. Provides shape and support. Enables us to move. Protects your internal organs. Produces blood cells. Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorous . Bone Formation and Growth. As a baby, most of your skeletal system is made up of cartilage.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System

  2. Skeletal Functions • Provides shape and support. • Enables us to move. • Protects your internal organs. • Produces blood cells. • Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorous.

  3. Bone Formation and Growth • As a baby, most of your skeletal system is made up of cartilage. • Gradually, the cartilage is broken down and replaced by bone-forming cells called osteoblasts. • Osteoblasts deposit calcium and phosphorous to make your bones hard. • Most of your cartilage is replaced by bones by the time you are an adult. (206 bones as an adult) • Bones are continuously being formed and reformed as they are worn down or broken.

  4. Bone Structure • Bones are lightweight yet very strong. • They can absorb more force than concrete, granite, or steel.

  5. Parts of a Bone • Periosteum-tough, outer membrane that carries nutrients in and out of the bone • Compact bone- makes bones hard, strong, and flexible • Spongy bone- contains small spaces to make bones lightweight. • Marrow-produces blood cells • Cartilage-slippery layer at the ends of bones that help absorb shock and reduce friction.

  6. Joints • Places where two bones meet. • Held together by ligaments, which are strong bands of connective tissues • Two types • Immoveable (skull, pelvis) • Moveable

  7. Moveable Joints • Hinge- back and forth motion (ex: knee, elbow) • Pivot-one bone rotates around another (ex: neck/head) • Gliding-one bone slides over another (ex: wrists, ankles) • Ball and Socket- circular motion (ex: hip, shoulder)

  8. Bone Injuries and Diseases • Fractures- breaks in the bone • Dislocation- occurs when bones come out of it’s joint • Sprain- when ligaments are stretched too far or tear. • Osteoporosis-condition in which bones become brittle and weak due to mineral loss (calcium) • Arthritis- cartilage between joints worn away due to excessive use (elderly, athletes)

  9. Diagnosing Bone Injuries • X-rays- bones absorb x-rays and reflect onto photographic film • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)-magnetic energy causes atoms in body to vibrate producing an image for the computer to analyze. Allows tissue to be examined also. • Arthroscopy-small tube-like instrument is inserted into a small incision to allow doctors to look at joints and repair them.

  10. Taking care of your bones • Well balanced diet of foods rich in calcium and phosphorous (dairy, meats, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables) • Exercise • Stretching • Wear protective gear (helmets, pads)

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