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Lecture 1

Lecture 1. Microprocessors and Computer Systems. What is a microprocessor?. It’s a semiconductor IC Provides the pseudointelligence of a system Performing arithmetic and logic ops Reading data from and writing data to memory and I/O Perform step-by-step procedure

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Lecture 1

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  1. Lecture 1 Microprocessors and Computer Systems

  2. What is a microprocessor? • It’s a semiconductor IC • Provides the pseudointelligence of a system • Performing arithmetic and logic ops • Reading data from and writing data to memory and I/O • Perform step-by-step procedure • Implement as a CPU in a computer system • Used for any application requiring decision capability and/or process control

  3. Von Neumann’s Model Input Memory CPU Output Stored-program computer model

  4. Before Microprocessor Era u v • 1940s (first gen. of electrical digital computers) • Vacuum tubes • Late 1950s & early 1960s • Transistors • Post-1960 • ICs • Along came microprocessors… • More information  wikipedia (topic: “History of computing hardware”) w 1. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/RCA12ax7.jpg 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Transistor-photo.JPG 3. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/images/c01356.jpg

  5. Physical aspect of Microprocessors • Small size of die • Contain millions of transistors (and counting…) http://www-md.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/lehre/vlsis/2002/chip/chip_bilder/gleu/chip1.jpg

  6. Moore’s Law u v • Gordon E. Moore (Co-founder of Intel) • Getting double the number of transistors in every 24 months (with minimum cost) • Get more info from Intel’s website(recommended) 1. http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/pix/ml_img.jpg 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Wgsimonmooreslaw001.jpg

  7. MPU development (case study of Intel) • http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_micro/hof/tspecs.htm

  8. Why do we study this stuff? Applications Operating Systems Computer System (CPU rules)

  9. Course Outline (revisit) • Microprocessors & Computer Systems • Microprocessor Architecture • Instruction Set • Memory Technology & Interfacing • MMU, Cache Memory Input Memory CPU Output

  10. Course Outline (revisit) • Input/Output & interfacing • Interrupts • DMA • Modern microprocessors • Embedded technology • Discussion on microprocessors Input Memory CPU Output

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