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Classification of Fluid Flows using Vector Calculus. P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi. Recognition of Speical Flow Fields……. Characterization of Flow Fields based Velocity Field. Diverging Flows :. Converging Flows :. Solenoidal Flows :.
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Classification of Fluid Flows using Vector Calculus P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Recognition of Speical Flow Fields……
Characterization of Flow Fields based Velocity Field • Diverging Flows : • Converging Flows : • Solenoidal Flows :
Flow field with Convergence / divergence • Atmospheric vertical motion is caused mainly by air mass convergence or divergence from horizontal motion. • Meteorological convergence indicates retardation in air flow with an increase in air mass in a given volume due to net three-dimensional inflow. • Meteorological divergence, or negative convergence, indicates acceleration with a decrease in air mass. Convergence is the contraction and divergence is the spreading of a field of flow.
Characterization of Flow Fields based Velocity Field • Cyclonic Flows: • Anti Cyclonic Flows:
Irrotational Flow Field • Flows with vorticity are said to be rotational flows. • Flows without vorticity are said to be irrotational flows. • If the velocity is exactly equal to gradient of a scalar, the flow filed is obviously irrotational. • If an application calls for an irrotational flow, the problem is completely solved by finding a scalar, .
Irrotational Solenoidal Flow Field • Irrotational flow • Solenoidal flow • Irrotational, Solenoidal flow • Laplacian flow
Electroosmotic Flows • When electric fields are applied across capillaries or microchannels, bulk fluid motion is observed. • The velocity of this motion is linearly proportional to the applied electric field, and dependent on both • (a) the material used to construct the microchannel and • (b) the solution in contact with the channel wall. • This motion is referred to aselectroosmosis.
Complex Lamellar Flow • A complex-lamellar velocity field is defined as a flow field whose streamlines are intersect orthogonally to vortex lines. Complex-lamellar flows are characterized by the fact that there exists a family of surfaces orthogonal to the stream lines. Irrotational flow field is a subset of complex-lamellar flows. This is a special class of flow fields, where streamlines are steady in a accelerating flow. The adjective "lamellar" derives from the noun "lamella", which means a thin layer. The lamellae to which "lamellar flow" refers are the surfaces of constant potential, or in the complex case, the surfaces orthogonal to the vector field.
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BELTRAMI FLOW FIELDS • A three-dimensional vector field V is called as Beltrami if • A Beltrami flow field is characterized by the fact that the vorticity vector is collinear with velocity through out the flow field. • Beltrami fields are known as Magnus force-free fields. • The ”surface” of the sun (called the photosphere) shows Beltrami behaviour. • Reconstruction of the three-dimensional field above the photosphere is possible using Beltrami model.
Classification of Approximate Nature of Beltrami Field • From a mathematical viewpoint, above equation can be roughly rewritten in the form where λ(x) is a scalar function which varies in general with position λ ≡ 0 is an irrotational field, also known as potential field. Linear Beltrami fields: they are characterized by a constant λ. Non-linear Beltrami fields: they corresponds to a variable function λ(.) This can be considered to be a prototype for the study of turbulence