Empiricism

1. Empiricism The belief that all knowledge is ultimately based on perceptual experience

2. The subjects you study? Can you discuss the role perception plays in your different IB subjects? Are there any areas of knowledge where perception plays NO role?

3. Common-sense realism Do you think our senses give us an accurate picture of how the world really is? Perception is passive and gives us an accurate picture of reality

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CEr2GfGilw

11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAXm0dIuyug - t=30

12. Perception is a complex process It involves context, expectation and interpretation Light and dark helps us to make sense of the world in 3 dimensions. We attempt to recognize these patterns. We accept and organize information based on what we know. Our brains edit unconsciously.

13. Interpretation: Context

15. Interpretation: Expectations

16. Interpretation: Expectations • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc4UNc6oVgs

17. Interpretation: Expectations The following four slides will be shown very quickly. Try to remember what the four cards are.

22. Can you name them?

23. Can you name them?

24. Illusions from other senses McGurk Effect, Rubber Hand Illusion and Pareidolia

25. Illusions from other senses Pareidolia

26. Visible light

27. Visible light λ ≈ 700 nm λ ≈ 420 nm

28. Ultraviolet waves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm

29. Ultraviolet waves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm

30. X-rays λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm

31. X-rays λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm

32. Gamma rays λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm

33. Gamma rays λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 0.001 – 0.000001nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm

34. Infrared waves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 0.001 – 0.000001nm

35. Infrared waves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 0.1to 0.001mm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 0.001 – 0.000001nm

36. Microwaves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 0.1to 0.001mm λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 10-12 - 10-14 m

37. Microwaves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10-4 - 10-6 m λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 1 to 0.1cm λ ≈ 10-12 - 10-14 m

38. Radio waves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10-4 - 10-6 m λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 1 to 0.1cm λ ≈ 10-12 - 10-14 m

39. Radio waves λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10-4 - 10-6 m λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 1 to 0.1cm λ ≈ 10-1 - 103 m λ ≈ 10-12 - 10-14 m

40. Electromagnetic spectrum λ ≈ 700 - 420 nm λ ≈ 10-4 - 10-6 m λ ≈ 10 – 100 nm λ ≈ 1 – 0.01 nm λ ≈ 10-2 - 10-3 m λ ≈ 10-1 - 103 m λ ≈ 10-12 - 10-14 m

41. Electromagnetic spectrum Long Wavelength Short Wavelength

43. Ultrasound

44. What is really out there?

45. What is really out there? Does the “sweetness” exist in the coke or only in your brain?

46. What is really out there? If we had evolved differently, sensitive to electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies we would not see grass as green at all…….in conclusion the world really has no colour at all! Where is the green in the grass? In the grass or in your brain?

47. What really is out there? If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody is there to hear it, does it make a sound?

48. Two types of sound? Physical – vibrations in the air Experienced – the sound we hear/experience in our brains

49. No one experienced sound before life on earth?