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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Hardware for Educators. Three main parts of computers. Input System unit Output. The System Unit. Electronic components a computer uses to process data. Data Representation. Analog vs. Digital Digital Two states (1) on (0) off. Data Representation.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Hardware for Educators

  2. Three main parts of computers • Input • System unit • Output Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  3. The System Unit • Electronic components a computer uses to process data Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  4. Data Representation • Analog vs. Digital • Digital • Two states • (1) on • (0) off Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  5. Data Representation • Binary number system • Combination of ones and zeroes represent characters Bit Byte Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  6. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  7. The Components of the System Unit 1-(The Motherboard) Contains many of the electronic components 2- Chip (Processor) A small piece of semiconducting material usually no bigger than one-half-inch square and is made up of many layers of circuits and microscopic components that carry electronic signals Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  8. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  9. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  10. The Components of the System Unit • The Control Unit A component of the CPU that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer • Fetch - get the next instruction from memory • Decode - translate the instruction • Execute - carry out the command • Store the result - write the result to memory • Machine cycle Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  11. The Components of the System Unit • The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) • Performs the execution part of the machine cycle • Arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) • Comparison (greater than, equal to, less than) • Logical (AND, OR, NOT) Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  12. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  13. The Components of the System Unit • The System Clock • Synchronizes all computer operations • Each tick is called a clock cycle • Faster clock means more instructions the CPU can execute each second • Speed measured in gigahertz (GHz) What is the Speed of your computer? Link Windows /Pause Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  14. The Components of the System Unit • Memory (ROM) • Used to store data and instructions • The operating system and other system software • Application software • Data being processed by application programs • Bytes are stored at specific locations or addresses Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  15. The Components of the System Unit • Memory (ROM) • Size of memory is measured by the number of bytes available Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  16. The Components of the System Unit 7- Random Access Memory (RAM) • The memory chips in the system unit • When the computer starts, certain operating system files are loaded from a storage device into RAM • What is the Speed of your computer? Link • Windows /Pause Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  17. The Components of the System Unit • Random Access Memory (RAM) • Configuring RAM • The more RAM, the more programs and files a computer can work on at once • Software usually tells you how much RAM is required Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  18. The Components of the System Unit • Read-Only Memory (ROM) • Cannot be modified • Contents not lost when the computer is turned off Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  19. The Components of the System Unit • Expansion Slots and Expansion Cards • Expansion slot • A socket on the motherboard that can hold an expansion card • Add new devices or capabilities to the computer • Expansion card • Circuit board that enhances functions of a system component and/or provides connections to peripherals Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  20. The Components of the System Unit • Removable Memory Devices • Flash memory cards • USB flash drives • PC Cards • ExpressCard modules Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  21. The Components of the System Unit • Ports and Connectors • Port • Point of attachment to the system unit • Usually on the back and front of the system unit • Connectors (wires) • Used to plug into ports • Male connectors • Female connectors Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  22. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  23. The Components of the System Unit • Ports and Connectors • USB • USB 2.0 • USB 3.0 • FireWire • Bluetooth Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  24. What is Input? • Any data or instructions you enter into the memory of a computer • Data– unprocessed items • Programs - series of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a task • Commands - an instruction given to a computer program • User responses - responses to questions or messages from the software Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  25. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  26. What are Input Devices? • Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  27. What are Input Devices? Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  28. What are Input Devices? • Mouse • One or two button mouse • Scroll wheel • Moving the mouse pointer • Clicking • Dragging • Double-clicking • Optical mouse • Wireless mouse Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  29. What are Input Devices? • Touchpad and Pointing Stick • Touchpad – small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion • Pointing Stick – pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  30. What are Input Devices? • Trackball • Like a mouse, but the ball mechanism is on top • Requires frequent cleaning • Good when you have limited desk space Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  31. What are Input Devices? • Joystick • Uses the movement of a vertical lever • Often used with games • Wheel • Steering-wheel type input device • Used to simulate driving a car or other vehicle Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  32. What are Input Devices? • Touch and multi-touch screens • Monitor has a touch sensitive panel • Used to issue simple commands or choose from a list of options • Some models of desktop and notebook computers, all tablet computers, and many mobile devices have touch screens • Kiosks Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  33. What are Input Devices? • Optical Scanners • Captures an entire page of text or images such as photographs or artwork electronically • Converts the text or image on the original document into digital data that can be stored on a storage medium and processed by the computer Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  34. What are Input Devices? • Pen Input • Users write, draw, and tap on a flat surface to enter input • Stylus – small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink • Digital pen – slightly larger than a stylus and provides more functionality Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  35. What are Input Devices? • Digital Cameras • Allows you to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally • Download, or transfer, pictures to your computer Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  36. What are Input Devices? • Audio and Video Input • Audio input • Entering speech, music, or sound effects • Sound card • Speech Recognition • Computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words • Video input • Capturing a full-motion recording onto a computer and storing the video on a computer’s storage medium Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  37. What is Output? • Text • Graphics • Audio • Video Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  38. What are Output Devices? • Any computer component capable of conveying information to the user • Commonly used output devices • Display devices • Printers • Data projectors • Facsimile machines • Multifunction devices • Interactive whiteboards • Speakers, headphones, and earphones Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  39. What are Output Devices? • Display devices • Cathode ray tube (CRT) • LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors • Plasma monitors Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  40. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  41. What are Output Devices? • Monitor Quality • Resolution (sharpness and clarity) • Expressed as number of columns and rows • 1600 x 1200 Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  42. What are Output Devices? • Printers An output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film. Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  43. What are Output Devices? Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  44. What are Output Devices? Nonimpact Printers Do not strike paper Much quieter A- Ink-jet printers • Spray tiny drops of ink onto the paper • Both black-and-white and color B- Photo printers • Produce photo lab quality pictures • Many use ink-jet technology Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  45. What are Output Devices? C- Laser printers • High-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer • Very high quality resolution Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  46. What are Output Devices? • Data Projectors • Allows an audience to view output • LCD projectors • Digital light processing (DLP) projector • Most LCD projectors are five pounds and up. • LCD has historically better color saturation but less clear picture Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  47. What are Output Devices? • Facsimile (Fax) Machine • Used to transmit and receive an image of a document over a telephone line Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  48. What are Output Devices? • Multifunction Devices • Can print, scan, copy and fax • Less space • Lower cost than separate units Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  49. What are Output Devices? • Interactive whiteboards • Touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase board. • I’ll have a demo Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

  50. What are Output Devices? • Speakers, Headphones, and Earphones • Voice output • Audio output device • Internal speaker Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators

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