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Expression of Damage General Symptomatology. Above-ground Symptoms by root parasites. Annual crops Stunting in patches Yellowing of foliage Wilting Perennial crops Dieback. Early symptoms of damage by CCN in Wheat. Above-ground Symptoms by shoot parasites. Dead or Devitalized buds
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Expression of DamageGeneral Symptomatology Walia CCSHAU
Above-ground Symptoms by root parasites • Annual crops • Stunting in patches • Yellowing of foliage • Wilting • Perennial crops • Dieback Walia CCSHAU
Early symptoms of damage by CCN in Wheat Walia CCSHAU
Above-ground Symptoms by shoot parasites • Dead or Devitalized buds • Aphelenchoidesfragariaeon strawberry • Crinkling and curling of leaves • Anguinatriticion wheat • Gall formation • Anguinatriticion wheat • A. balsamophilaon balsam • Subanguinaagropyrion base of grass stem • Necrosis or Discolouration • Bursaphelenchuscocophiluson coconut • Leaf spots, lesions • Aphelenchoidesritzemabosi Walia CCSHAU
Basal swelling, Crinkling and Curling Walia CCSHAU
Seed galls or Cockles Walia CCSHAU
Anguina tritici on wheat Walia CCSHAU
DiscolourationRed ring disease of coconut Walia CCSHAU
Leaf spotsFoliar nematode, Aphelenchoidesritzemabosi Walia CCSHAU
Below-ground symptoms • Root galls • Meloidogyne spp. • Nacobbus batatiformis on sugarbeet • Subanguina radicicola on cereals and grasses • Hemicycliophora arenaria on lemon • Xiphinema diversicaudatum on roses • Reduced root system • Coarse roots • Belonolaimus longicaudatus on maize • Stubby roots • Trichodorus & Paratrichodorus spp. Walia CCSHAU
Below-ground symptoms • Root lesions • Lesion nematode, Pratylenchus spp. • Burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis • Spiral nematode, Helicotylenchus multicinctus on banana • Root rot • Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor • Scutellonema bradys on yam • Excessive root branching • Meloidogyne hapla on tomato • Swellings • Heterodera avenae on wheat and barley Walia CCSHAU
Root galls Walia CCSHAU
Root galls Walia CCSHAU
Coarse roots Walia CCSHAU
Stubby roots Walia CCSHAU
Necrosis Walia CCSHAU
Necrosis Walia CCSHAU
Rotting Walia CCSHAU
Rotting Walia CCSHAU
Excessive root branching Walia CCSHAU
Swellings Walia CCSHAU