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Ch 5 Cellular Respiration: Releasing Chemical Energy

Ch 5 Cellular Respiration: Releasing Chemical Energy. 1. Aerobic Respiration With Oxygen as electron acceptor C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 0. Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Without Oxygen Other electron acceptor like nitrogen or sulfur compounds

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Ch 5 Cellular Respiration: Releasing Chemical Energy

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  1. Ch 5 Cellular Respiration: Releasing Chemical Energy 1

  2. Aerobic Respiration With Oxygen as electron acceptor C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H20 Anaerobic Respiration(Fermentation) Without Oxygen Other electron acceptor like nitrogen or sulfur compounds Partial decomposition of sugars What’s a carbon skeleton? 16 Metabolism & Cellular Respiration Metabolism = Synthesis + Decomposition Cellular Respiration = Decomposition to gain E(and carbon skeletons) Some organisms can do BOTH! Vibrio cholerae, 1390x 2

  3. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Heat Sunlight Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Visual Summary 6.1 Can you look at this diagram and write equations for cellular respiration??

  4. Oxidation [Glucose loses electrons (and hydrogens)] Glucose Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water Reduction [Oxygen gains electrons (and hydrogens)] MEMORIZE!!!

  5. Aerobic Respiration A Play in 3 Acts Starring the Mighty Mitochondrion Act I: Glycolysis Glucose  Pyruvate + ATP + NADH Act II: The Krebs Cycle Pyruvate  CO2 + NADH + FADH2 Act III: The Electron Transport System NADH + FADH2 ATP O2 required! Liver Cell Mitochondrion by Lennart Nilsson

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  7. Energy/Electron Carriers7 in Respiration Pretty similar to NADPH from photosynthesis!

  8. Act I: Glycolysis Setting~The Cytoplasm • In Animals 1. Glucose + 2 ATP  Glucose-6-Phosphate 2. Glucose-6-P  2 C-C-C-P 3. 2 C-C-C-P  2 Pyruvate (3C) + 2 NADH + 4 ATP Net Products: 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate • In Plants Starch + Sucrose  Glucose-1-Phosphatewhich enters glycolysis in step 1. NADH is like NADPH in Photosynthesis – rechargeable electron/energy carrier! NADH 2

  9. 09-09-Glycolysis.swf

  10. Pyruvate at the Junction6 • Focus on Fermentation • Much less efficient • 2 ATP per glucose + NADH Aerobic Respiration= 38 ATP per glucose

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  12. Double Membrane Inner Membrane: Christae hold ETS proteins Outer Membrane: controls flow into/out of the mitochondrion Matrix: Enzymes and fluid for the Krebs Cycle Mitochondrial DNA Powerhouse of the Cell Most ATP is produced 10-thousands per cell Meet the Mitochondrion 6

  13. Act II: The Kreb’s CycleSetting~The Mitochondrion Matrix 1. Pyruvate  Acetate (2C) + CO2 + NADH 2. Acetate (2C) + CoA  Acetyl CoA which enters the matrix then releases CoA 3. Acetate + Oxaloacetate (4C)  Citrate (6C) 4. Citrate  Ketoglutarate (5C) + CO2 + NADH 5. Ketoglutarate  4C + CO2 + NADH 6. 4C  Oxaloacetate + ATP + NADH + FADH2 2 Pyruvate  6 CO2 + 2 ATP+ 8 NADH + 2 FADH2

  14.  Acetate (2C) + CO2 + NADH + CoA  AcetylCoA CoA 09-12-KrebsCycle.swf

  15. Act III: The Electron Transport SystemSetting~The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ETS = Electron Transport System = Enzymes + Cytochromes 1. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized 2. H+ accumulated in intermembrane space 3. H+ gradient used by ATP Synthetase to make ATP 4. O2 is final electron acceptor. Water is made. 10 NADH + 2 FADH2  34 ATP NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP It is called Oxidative Phosphorylation because you’re making ATP using O2!

  16. Oxidative Phosphorylation Outer Membrane Intermembrane Space Inner Membrane Matrix 09-15-ElectronTransport.swf

  17. Respiration Reprise6 Substrate level = Direct

  18. No Mitochondria ETS occurs across cell membrane May not need O2 May use sulfur or nitrogen compounds instead as electron acceptors Obligate Aerobes: must have oxygen Obligate Anaerobes: poisoned by Oxygen Facultative Aerobes: may use oxygen if it is available 8 Bacterial Respiration Do they need Oxygen?? Yes! NO! Maybe?!

  19. Krebs Cycle:more than just cellular respiration • Decomposition of sugars • Decomposition of proteins and fats • Provide carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of • Fats • Proteins See P. 145 Synthesis and decomposition pathways usually use DIFFERENT enzymes Remember Hydrolysis?

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  22. Plants Some of the energy is used to make heat rather than ATP Can help plants keep warm Animals Brown Fat: specialized for heat production; contains many mitochondria which produce little ATP Respiration and Heat Production Cellular respiration can produce HEAT 10 9

  23. Control of Respiration Storage Low E Demand PGAL (Plants) Glucose (Animals) Sucrose ATP Starch (Plants) Glycogen (Animals) Lipids High E Demand Respiration

  24. Sources Cited 1. http://www.hybridmedicalanimation.com/pages/chloroplast.html 2. www.denniskunkel.com with permission 4. “The Working Cell: Energy from Sunlight.” From Biology: Exploring Life. Campbell, Williamson, & Heyden. Pearson Education. 2002. 5. Human Liver Cell Mitochondria by Lennart Nilsson: www.genpat.uu.se/mtDB/ 6. http://jcbmac.chem.brown.edu/scissorsHtml/circadian/Biology/nadhgif.html 7. Instructor’s Education C-ROM: Biology, Fifth Edition. Campbell, Reece, mitchell. Addison, Welsey, and Longman. 1999. 8. http://www.science.siu.edu/microbiology/micr425/425Notes/05-PyrKrebs.html 9. www.dromo.com/fusionanomaly/ mitochondria.html 10. http://www.pathcom.com/~wgbz/xv04014z.jpg 11. http://www.in.gov/dnr/public/marapr02/story2.htm 12. Bioshow: for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Second Edition. Campbell, Mitchell, and Reece 13. http://www.biology.lsu.edu/introbio/Link2/OrganicMolecules.html

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