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Philosophy: The Terms YOU Need to Know

Philosophy: The Terms YOU Need to Know. Production of C. O’Leary. Audience. 9 th grade and up Previous interest in social sciences Middle class, previously educated Students who have an interest in philosophy, and need help understanding it in simple terms. Environment.

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Philosophy: The Terms YOU Need to Know

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  1. Philosophy: The Terms YOU Need to Know Production of C. O’Leary

  2. Audience • 9th grade and up • Previous interest in social sciences • Middle class, previously educated • Students who have an interest in philosophy, and need help understanding it in simple terms

  3. Environment • Individually, or partners • Located at a computer that has access to the internet, and Microsoft PowerPoint • Piece of paper and writing utensil to record quizzes • World Map near by for reference and optimum learning!

  4. Objective 1 • 1) Philosophy terms- students will be able to recall philosophy terms by correctly performing on the quizzes and matching. • Once they have completed the PowerPoint they will be able to recall certain philosophy with 75% accuracy.

  5. Why Philosophy? • Philosophy can give off a boring vibe because of all those COMPLEX terms, but here you will understand philosophy easily, and through SIMPLE terms. Get to know the whole philosophy crew! Keep your eyes and mind OPEN because you better know this material by the end of the presentation!

  6. What’s in it for YOU? • Philosophy is often labeled as being “too good” for some, BUT philosophy drives these questions: • Who? • What? • Where? • When? • How And… • WHY? ALL are necessary to keep your brain in top shape

  7. Where to? • Getting Started: Directions • Returning Veterans TERMS

  8. Directions… • Read through all of the terms [thing will get rough if you don’t!] • Click on each term , it will lead you to a brief explanation • There is four sections, once you read through all of terms of the section, take the quiz and test your knowledge! -The house will take you to the terms page -The arrow will bring you to the next page

  9. Let the Games Begin! • 1) First pick… TERMS 2) Then… QUIZ 1 QUIZ 2 QUIZ 3 QUIZ 4

  10. TERMS! • Section 1 Do this first! • Intro to 5 Branches of Philosophy • QUIZ • Matching • Section 2 • Atheism/Theism • Existentialism • Nihilism • Agnosticism • Stoicism • Dualism/Monism • QUIZ • Section 3 • Being & Goodness • Cause/Causality • Evil • Belief in God • Mind/ Spirit/ Soul • Resurrection/ Immortality • QUIZ • Section 4 • Cosmology • Free Will • Happiness • Faith • Hell • Human Nature • Justice • Omnipotence • Omnipresence • Omniscience & foreknowledge • Self • Transcendence • Truth • QUIZ

  11. Primary Branches of Philosophy • SECTION 1 • Epistemology • Metaphysics • Ethics • Logic • Aesthetics

  12. Epistemology • THE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE • Questions addressed: • What can I know? • How is knowledge acquired? • Can I be certain of anything? Rationalism- Knowledge is innate, Empiricism- Knowledge Gained through the mind gained through experience, and five senses

  13. Metaphysics • STUDY OF REALITY • Study of reality beyond science or math • “Metaphysics” literally means the study beyond physical • Questions addressed: • Is/ are there a god[s]? • What is before existence or birth? • What is after life?

  14. Ethics • STUDY OF MORAL VALUE, RIGHT AND WRONG • Places values to personal actions, decisions, and relations • Questions addressed: • Who defines what is right and wrong? • What is right and wrong?

  15. Logic • STUDY OF RIGHT REASONING • The key that philosophers use to study other areas of philosophy • Good thinking skills, and the avoidance of logic fallacies are needed when addressed • Questions addressed: • Are certain areas of philosophy compliable with logic? • Does one object, being, event logically follow the other?

  16. Aesthetics • STUDY OF ART OF BEAUTY • Defines what art can be judged on • Questions addressed: • What is art? • What is the relationship between art and beauty? • Can art be judged on objective standards and what are they? • Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?

  17. Test Your Philosophical Knowledge What are the five primary branches of philosophy? Epistemology Metaphysics Ethics Logic Aesthetics Write them down, and then press the space to reveal the answers.

  18. Match the Questions with the Correct Branch • Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? • What is after life? • How is knowledge acquired? • Does one object, being, event logically follow the other? • Who defines what is right and wrong? • Ethics • Logic • Epistemology • Aesthetics • Metaphysics

  19. How Did You Do? • Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?- Aesthetics • What is after life?- Metaphysics • How is knowledge acquired?- Epistemology • Does one object, being, event logically follow the other?- Logic • Who defines what is right and wrong?- Ethics NOW go back to the term if you need to review or start Section 2!

  20. SECTION 2 • Atheism • Denial of existence of God • Negotiation of theism • Universe has everything there, and it is not caused by anything else • Theism • Belief in God • Every actual entity retains some power of self-determination

  21. Existentialism • We are free to choose our own destinies to create ourselves • “Existence precedes essence” HUMAN TASK= discover this reestablished human essence and then to order one’s life according to it

  22. Nihilism • Theory that claims there is no meaning or value to life • “nothingness” • Lack of meaning • Denial of any objective morals

  23. Agnosticism • One may not be able to prove the existence of God , but can on disprove it? • Believes that there is a “higher being”

  24. Stoicism • World is governed by an impersonal fate or providence • All things are destined to happen and there is nothing one can do to change it • Reform your attitude then accept what comes without emotional conflicts… Then one will be at peace

  25. Dualism vs. Monism • Dualism • Good and Evil • Mental and physical • [ God and the Devil] are separate and independent • [ Mind and Body] are different • Monism • One fundamental kind • “Oneness”

  26. QUIZ TIME! • Match the terms with the correct explanation • Once you have completed the Quiz, move on to the third section of terms QUIZ

  27. Matching • 1) Atheism/ Theism • 2) Existentialism • 3) Nihilism • 4) Agnosticism • 5) Stoicism • 6)Dualism/Monism • Separate vs. “Oneness” • “nothingness” • Impersonal fate • Can one disprove the existence of God? • Existence precedes essence • Denial of existence of God vs. Belief in God

  28. How did you do? 1) f 2) e 3) b 4) d 5) c 6) a If you got them all correct , go on to Section 3 of the terms! If not, try again! TERMS

  29. Section 3 Being and Goodness • Being and Goodness are interchangeable • According to Thomas Aquinas, to exist is good, so everything is good • Evil is the absence of good • Humans are born “good”, but also can increase their goodness by acting “good” • Is goodness subjective or objective? • Term of moral approval

  30. Cause/ Causality • The power or act of bringing about an effect [ Clark, Lints, Smith 13] • Explanation of why an event comes to pass • Christian doctrine of Creation= God caused the world, and continues to caused what goes on in the world

  31. EVIL • Nature evils= from nature, earthquakes, famine, drought, etc. • Moral evils= free choices of human beings, war, poverty, crime, etc. • LOGICAL ARGUEMNT: • 1) God has all power, and is wholly good • 2) If God has all power, God can eliminate evil • 3) If God is wholly good, God would have a desire to eliminate evil • 4) There is evil • 5) Therefore, God does not exist.

  32. Belief in God • Evidentialists believe: God may exist, but without evidence, it is irrational to believe in God • Fideists believe: God should be accepted without any evidence • There must be some truths that one can just accept and then reason from

  33. Mind/ Spirit/ Soul • Soul= “Seat of human consciousness and thought” • “Mind” once replaced the term of “Soul” • Plato stated that a person can be divided into three sections: Mind, Spirit, and Soul • This leads back to the term “Dualism”, where the mind and body are viewed as separate entities

  34. Resurrection/ Immortality • Resurrection= life continues after death in an embodied state • Immortality= the human soul has always existed and will continue to exist even with the death of the physical body

  35. YOUR NEXT TASK… • THINK! Think about EVERYTHING. Question the world surrounding you, question whoever and whatever you want because that is the fun of philosophy! • This is just the beginning, an atom in philosophy…there is SO much more to explore.

  36. Sources • http://www.theologicalstudies.citymax.com/articles/article/1527417/17150.htm • http://books.google.com/books?id=H81iiiPtuGsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=philosophy+terms&sig=kAQ2y-Q53vBrBzJn6MRShB_XPrs • http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=Thales

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