E.Q: Can the Reformation be viewed as a Turning Point ? Aim : What were

1. E.Q: Can the Reformation be viewed as a Turning Point? • Aim: What were the causes & effects of the Protestant Reformation? • Do Now: • Look at this image: What was the main idea of the Protestant Reformation? • Hand in your 1st draft please.

2. What was the Protestant Reformation? Causes? • Work with your group members/neighbors on answering the first 3 questions, I – B. • Afterwards, we will review as a class.

3. Key Words/Terms All Must Know Please write them down – in the future/June 2014 Regents onward, if you were to see any or all, trust your “Spidy senses” for they focus on the causes & effects surrounding the Protestant Reformation: • Martin Luther • 95 Thesis • Printing Press • Lutheranism

4. Causes of the Reformation: Review the packet 1. Please note that slides 5-17 will be distributed as a handout for all to carefully/actively peruse.

5. What was the Protestant Reformation? Causes? (Answers) • Actively read the handout/packet – Mark it up • Questions? • Comments? • What observations have you made surrounding the causes of the Reformation?

6. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was the dominant religion in Western Europe Without a common government in Europe, the Catholic Pope became an important political leader On the manor, priests were powerful because the controlled peoples’ access to heaven by delivering the sacraments & absolving sins

7. The Catholic Church taught that people could gain access to heaven (called salvation) by having faith in God & doing good works for others

8. Practices of the Catholic Church The church taught that Christians could gain more of God’s grace through a series of spiritual rituals called the Holy Sacraments Sacraments included Baptism, Confirmation, Communion, Confession, Marriage, Ordination of Priests, Last Rites for the Dying

9. But, the church was also growing corrupt Clergy members took vows of chastity to abstain from sex…but some church leaders fathered children Priests were required to go through rigorous training in a monastery…but some church positions were sold to the highest bidder called simony Sometimes, feudal lords would use their influence to have friends or children named as priests, called lay investiture As a result, some clergy members were poorly educated

10. One of the most corrupt church practices was the selling of indulgences Indulgences began as a way for people to repent for their sins through good works But rather than requiring good deeds, church leaders began selling indulgence certificates as a way of raising money These practices went unquestioned during the Middle Ages

11. By the time of the Renaissance, some Christians began criticizing church corruptions & questioned Catholic teachings Christian humanists believed that they could help reform the Catholic Church

12. In the 1300s, Reformers like John Wycliffe & priest Jan Hus attacked corruptions like indulges, said that the Bible (not the Pope) was the ultimate authority on Christianity, & wanted church teachings in the vernacular (local language) not Latin

13. Catholic leaders responded to these criticisms by executing Wycliffe & Hus Title • Text

14. As a result of Johann Gutenberg’s invention of the moveable-type printing press in 1453, Erasmus’ book spread throughout Europe & increased calls for church reform

15. The Protestant Reformation By the early 1500s, the Catholic Church was in turmoil over the controversy of corruption & its unwillingness to adopt reforms In Germany, a Catholic monk named Martin Luther became involved in a serious dispute with the Catholic Church

16. Martin Luther’s stand against the Catholic Church led to the formation of a new Christian denomination known as Lutheranism Lutheranism was the first of a series of “Protestant” Christian faiths that broke from the Catholic Church

17. Video Activity Today, amongst other focuses, we will carefully examine the Protestant Reformation through the lens of Showtime’s critically acclaimed TV show, The Borgias alongside a few additional video clips. In order for this activity to be successful, all must be attentive for each individual clip. As you watch each clip, you will be asked to utilize the handout to record what you see in relation to the causes & effects of the Protestant Reformation. - In a nutshell, simply state what you see in each clip and then highlight how/why each might be a cause/effect of the Reformation. - At the end of each clip, I will give you a few minutes to briefly discuss what you saw with your group members prior to jotting your analysis down or to attain additional information.

18. Please note, due to the size, most of the aforementioned videos were deleted in order to size the PPT for email passage. Most of the videos will focus on the varying causes of the Protestant Reformation. A few will focus on the effects

19. Effects of the Reformation • Work on completing the latter part of the handout: – Discuss and then write your responses surrounding the effects of the Protestant Reformation. -- Please work on being as detailed as possible.

20. Martin Luther’s break from the Catholic Church began the Protestant Reformation & inspired a series of new Christian denominations Protestant Reformation ProtestReform During the Protestant Reformation, reformers protestedchurch corruptions & practices in hopes of reformingChristianity

21. THE RESULTS OF THE REFORMATION It is impossible to understand modern history apart from the Reformation. We cannot understand the history of Europe, England or America without studying the Reformation. For example, in America there would never have been Pilgrim Fathers if there had not first been a Protestant Reformation. The Reformation has profoundly affected the modern view of politics and law. Prior to the Reformation the Church governed politics; she controlled emperors and kings and governed the law of lands. The meaning of much western literature is really quite meaningless apart from an understanding of the Reformation. Moreover, for all practical purposes Martin Luther stabilized the German language. In the realm of science, it is generally granted by modern historians that there never would have been modern science were it not for the Reformation. All scientific investigation and endeavor prior to that had been controlled by the church. Only through sheer ignorance of history do many modern scientists believe that Protestantism, the true evangelical faith, opposes true science. The Reformation laid down once and for all the right and obligation of the individual conscience, and the right to follow the dictates of that individual conscience. Many men who talk lightly and glibly about “liberty” neither know nor realize that they owe their liberty to this event.

22. Protestant Reformation

23. Writer’s Workshop 1. For the remainder of the period, students will use a combination of the rubric alongside achecklist to verify that they are on the right track in conducting the Revival of Trade essay. Please utilize this time wisely. All are asked to carefully “comb” through the checklist & rubric to make sure they are following suit as per the instructions: - Questions? - Comments? - Any perplexities (confusions)?