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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. The MODERATE Stage (Bourgeoisie). ESTATES-GENERAL (1789). Called by Louis XVI to resolve the financial crisis Meets May 5, 1789 First Estates-General since 1614! ( 175 years ) The three estates DO agree on some things Limiting royal absolutism

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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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  1. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

  2. The MODERATE Stage(Bourgeoisie)

  3. ESTATES-GENERAL (1789) • Called by Louis XVI to resolve the financial crisis • Meets May 5, 1789 • First Estates-General since 1614! (175 years) • The three estates DO agree on some things • Limiting royal absolutism • Granting basic freedoms • Voting system • Each estate still only gets ONE VOTE

  4. THE VOTE THE FIRST ESTATE = 1 Vote 300 reps THE SECOND ESTATE = 1 Vote 300 reps THE THIRD ESTATE = 1 Vote 648 reps

  5. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • 3rd Estate declares itself the National Assembly (June 17, 1789) • Invites both 1st and 2nd Estate to join • Louis orders them to disband (June 27, 1789) • **Seen as first great act of French Rev**

  6. THE TENNIS COURT OATH • June 20, 1789 • Louis XVI locks the doors of the meeting room – Versailles • National Assembly moves to an indoor tennis court • Vows not to disband until a constitution is formed

  7. LOUIS XVI • June 27, 1789 - Ordered the National Assembly to Disband (STRONG) • Response “..We are here by the will of the people, and that we will go only if we are driven out by bayonets” • (WEAK)ordered the first two estates to join the National Assembly • Moderate middle class and liberal nobility in control – transfer of power • Louis – Swiss and German mercenaries stationed - Paris & Versailles

  8. STORMING OF THE BASTILLE • Rumor = King was planning a military coup against the National Assembly • Bastille • French Royal Prison – 7 prisoners • Was a symbol of the abuse of power • Stormed on July 14, 1789 • People want … GUNPOWDER • Is looted and destroyed by French people • 18 died, 73 wounded, 7 guards killed • July 14th = French independence day BOOM!

  9. STORMING OF THE BASTILLE • IMPACT • City now has an armed force • Marquis de Lafayette becomes the commander • TRICOLOR FLAG EMERGES • Power shifts from King  National Assembly • More uprisings followed • Many landowners killed and their property destroyed • LEADS TO THE “GREAT FEAR” • Faced with great pressure, nobles concede a plethora of privileges (no more feudal dues)

  10. FLAG OF PARIS BOURBON FLAG LIBERTY EQUALITY FRATERNITY

  11. THE GREAT FEAR • Time period where rumors spread (summer of 1789) • Rumors included: • King mounting a counterattack • Nobles attempting to put down revolution • Peasants ruthlessly killed nobles and destroyed their estates • They also burn any legal documents tying them to the land • Queen was hording grain at Versailles

  12. LIMITING THE MONARCHY • National Assembly issues the Declaration of the Rights of Man(Aug. 27, 1789) • Called for basic human rights in France • “Liberty, security, and prosperity” • Ended feudal rights of nobles over peasants • = to American Declaration of Independence • Was mass produced and spread throughout FRA and Europe • One question remains: HOW MUCH POWER SHOULD THE KING HAVE?

  13. DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN • 1791 • Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793) • Written in response to the Constitution of 1791 • “Social contract between men and women” • Rejected by the National Assembly

  14. WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLES • After the fall of the Bastille, many nobles fled Versailles and left the country • Thus,  in demand for luxuries • Women, who made these luxuries as a source of income, now see dwindling profits • Toppled with  in price of wheat, many women and families began to go HUNGRY • October 5, 1789  7,000 women storm Versailles (OCTOBER DAYS)

  15. WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLES • Stormed the palace looking for … MARIE ANTOINETTE • “We are going to cut off her head, tear out her heart, fry her liver, and that won’t be the end of it” • National Guard saves king, but he had to agree to go live in Paris (Tuileries Palace) • Abolishes French nobility as legal order • Sets out to create a constitutional monarchy • KING now a ceremonial figurehead

  16. THE CIVIL CONSTITUION OF THE CLERGY • The National Assembly confiscated land from RCC • WHY? • TO FINANCE THE NEW GOV’T • ABOLISHED THE TITHE • The French government would now pay the salary of the clergy • Bishops and priests elected by the people • Oath of allegiance? FRANCE or THE RCC • RCC branch of the STATE

  17. THE KING’S FLIGHT • Amidst great fear and diminishing power, Louis and family attempt to flee • June 20, 1791 • Louis is arrested in Varennes and sent back to Paris (was only miles from the border) • King abandoning people - counterrevolutionary • Some argue that the King’s flight = TREASON (JACOBINS)

  18. PICTURE: Lynn Hunt

  19. CONSTITUTION OF 1791 • Completed September 3, 1791 • Redefined French government • Three branches • National Assembly = Legislative Assembly • Executive = King (only real power = VETO) • Judicial • ABOLISHED THE ESTATES SYSTEM • Franchise = tax-paying males • constitutional monarchy

  20. ROAD TO WAR • Leopold II and Frederick William II • Austria, Prussia  fear republics • Issue the Declaration of Pillnitz - August 1791 • Brunswick Manifesto – July 1792 • Intervene if French revolutionaries infringed on Louis XVI’s rights and did not restore him to power • French revolutionaries take this as threat, and declare war on Austria (April 20, 1792) • PROBLEM = CIVIL WAR /FOREIGN WAR

  21. THE FIRST COALITION DUKE OF BRUNSWICK - “if the royal family is harmed France will be leveled” FRANCE AUSTRIA PRUSSIABRITIAN SPAINPIEDMONT 1792-1797

  22. SUCCESSES OF THE MODERATE STAGE • Abolished special privileges • Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen • Reduce the power and influence of the Roman Catholic Church, KING • Reformed local gov’t – 83 EQUAL districts • Constitution of 1791

  23. Picture – Lynn Hunt

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