The French Revolution

1. The French Revolution The New France

2. The French Revolution The New France

3. THE REIGN OF TERROR!! The New France

4. The Streets Of Paris • The Storming of the Bastille • The Great Fear • The Rumors Spread • The Kings troops increasing • Rebels in Provinces being captured • Small Riots in surrounding Provinces • Attacks on Nobles • The Rise of Factions in Paris • The National Guard • The Paris Commune

5. The National Guard • Headed by Marquis de Lafayette • Hero Of Two Worlds • First Group to don the Tri-Color • Red- White- Blue • Moderate Group Fighting for Limited Monarchy

6. The Paris Commune • Formed at Hotel de Ville • After Storming of Bastille • More Radical Group • Mobilization • Protests • Violent • Furthered by even more radical groups who used the Newspaper to further the Revolution

7. Jean – Paul Marat • Jacobin • A radical political club that wanted a more extreme revolution • Editor of the L’Ami du peuple (friend of the people) • Called for death to all supporters of the king • Supported rights to the poor • Would be murdered in a bathtub.

9. The Moderate Days • The End of Special Privilege • National Assembly Takes action • All night session nobles agree to end special privileges • Old Manorial Dues, Exclusive hunting rights, special legal status, exemption from taxes. • National Assembly takes control of the Church • Took church land • Officials would be elected not appointed • Church no longer politically independent • Alarmed many peasants who were devout Catholics • Beginning of opposition to the Assembly • Liberty, Equality, Fraternity – Became the motto

10. Declaration of the Rights of Man • The Declaration of the Rights of Man • First steps to new Constitution • All men born and remain free and Equal in Rights • All have Natural Rights • All male citizens equal before law • Freedom of Religion • Taxes levied according to ability to pay • Sound Familiar? • Declaration of Independence. • Olympe de Gouges • Published the declaration of the rights of women • Rejected and later declared an enemy to France and executed.

11. Louis XVI and The Declaration of Rights of Man • Typical Louis, • Hesitant to sign • More troop arrive in Paris • Nobles enjoying banquets while people starve

12. “Let Them Eat Cake!” • The Famous Phrase that was never said. • As the Story Goes…. • Told of the peasants starving and the shortage of Bread. • “Well, let them eat cake” • Even if not true it makes a great story!

13. Women March to Versailles • Oct 5 1789 • Sick of Starving and Sick of Louis and Marie the women of Paris March to Versailles • “Bread!” • Stormed Versailles

14. The Mob Storms Versailles • Rush the Palace • Behead the Guards • Chase the Queen through palace • Louis and Marie agree to Go to Paris to appease the mob • “Now we won't have to go so far when we want to see our king,” • Royal Family lived in Tuileries Palace • Never saw Versailles Again

15. The National Assembly • Meanwhile… • Government reform is taking place • Finishes the Constitution in 1791 • Limited Monarchy • Legislative Assembly • Make Laws and Collect Taxes • Elected by tax-paying males • Protected private Property • Supported Free Trade

16. Changes to French Government

17. Louis’s Escape Attempt • Feeling Trapped the Family Urges an Escape • June 1791 • Coach rolls towards Austria • King and Queen in Disguise • In almost Last Town before the border they are Caught • Looks like a traitor to the Revolution

18. The National Assembly Splits • Division over how radical they wanted to get • More Radical Changes – Sat on left of the hall • Moderates – sat in the middle • Conservatives, who wanted less change – sat on the right • Factions • Emigres- nobles and others who had fled France and were trying to undo the revolution • San-Culottes • Those without knee britches • Wore regular pants • Created more of a voice for change.

19. Reaction to Revolution in Europe • European Monarchs are fearing the “French Plague” • Enlightened monarchs turn against French ideas • Catherine the Great burns Voltaire’s Letters • Edmond Burke of England Predicted Violence would increase • Prussia and Austria (Marie Antoinette's brother) Issues the Declaration of Pilnitz • Threaten to intervene to Protect French Monarchy • May have been Bluff • Paris Arms for War

20. Internal Struggles • Threats of War make actions increase in Legislative Assembly • The San-Culottles • Demanded a Republic not a Monarchy • The Division in The Assembly • San-Culottes gaining support • The Jacobins • A revolutionary Political Club • Middle Class Lawyers and Intellectuals • Pushed the Republican Cause • The War on Tyranny • National Assembly declares war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, and others

21. The Terror Begins • Austria and Prussia are Moving towards Paris • Fears that King and Queen are aiding the opposition caused attacks on the Royal Family • The September Massacre • Citizens attack the prisons that held nobles and priests killing most of them

22. The French Republic • Radicals in the Assembly call for a new Legislative Body • The National Convention • Suffrage was to be extended to all men • Voted to abolish the Monarchy and Declare France and Republic • Erase the Old Order • Abolish nobility • Put Louis XVI on Trial as a Traitor to France

24. The Trial and Outcome • Louis XVI convicted by 1 vote • Sentenced to Death • January 1793 • Mounted a scaffold in Paris • Tried to speak but drowned out by drums • Beheaded by the Guillotine • October 1793 • Marie Antoinette is taken from her kids • Mocked and taken to Guillotine • Died with Great Dignity • Son died in Dungeons of Unknown Causes

26. The Committee of Public Safety • Created by the Convention To Defend the Republic • Pretty Much had Absolute Power to save revolution • All out war! • Called all available citizens to arms against invading nations • Battle against Counterrevolutionaries • Maximilien Robespierre • Young Lawyer • Originally welcomed King to Paris • Instrumental in the Beheading of King • Called “The Incorruptible”

27. Robespierre • Believed the general will was the source of legitimate law. • Believed France could achieve a Republic of Virtue through the Use of Terror • “Liberty cannot be secured, unless criminals lose their heads.” • Main architect behind the Reign of Terror

28. The Terror • July 1793-July 1794 • Hail the Republic, Death to the Traitors • If accused of being against the republic, put on trial, executed • Estimated 4,000 people died during Terror • 15 percent were Nobles and Clergy • Mistaken Identify and False accusation • Any one who seemed to fight the republic • What other world History event was Motivated by Fear? http://www.history.com/videos/robespierre-and-the-reign-of-terror

29. The Guillotine • Invented by Doctor Joseph-IgnaceGuillotin in 1789 • More efficient than an Axe • “Painless” • Responsible for the Deaths in the Terror.

30. The End of the Terror • Weary and Fearing their own lives the Convention turns on the Committee • Robespierre is Captured and Sentenced to Death • He is Beheaded by the same machine he used to strike fear into the people…. The Guillotine • The Convention thought it needed another change and Created another Constitution

31. The Directory • The New constitution established a Five Man directory and a two house legislature to rule. • The Middle class and Professionals held most of the Power. • The Directory would hold power until 1799 (about 4 years) • It fought of discontent due to famine and hunger riots • Fended off a Royalist movement • But in 1797 supporters of a Constitutional Monarchy would gain majority power in the legislature