ENGL 202 Research Writing

ENGL 202 Research Writing Monday, April 13th DATA ANALYSIS

Agenda • Free writing about your data collection experiences. • Looking at sample research papers • Data Analysis draft due Wednesday, April 15th • Identity Presentation # 2

Free writing • Tell us about your data collection process. What did your participants think/feel about your topic? Look at your transcriptions. Read it at least 2 times. What is the common theme emerging from the data? Write down your initial impressions about your data. • Share your writing with at least two class-mate

What is Data Analysis?Steps of Data Analysis • Get to know your data Good analysis starts with getting to know your data very well. Write down your impressions about your data. What can you find so far? Identify your main questions again AND look for answers in your data • Identify themes and patterns (look at the language being used, phrases, words, photos etc…) • Organize them into coherent cathegories

Findings emerging themes and categories • Analysis is a breaking up, separating, or disassembling of research materials into pieces, parts, elements, or units. • Reread your data and search for types, classes, sequences, processes, patterns, or wholes. Look at your data what emerging themes do you see? The aim of this process is to assemble or reconstruct the data in meaningful or comprehensible fashion (Jorgenson, 1989: 107).

Emerging categories • Rather than bringing your own assumptions or preconceived categories and themes, you need to reread your data and find themes that recur in your data. • So, categories are defined AFTER you worked on your data. Example # 1: What is the benefit of youth mentoring program? Responses to this question were sorted out: Benefits to youth, benefits to family, benefits to community. Example # 2: What makes a quality education program? Responses to this question were sorted out: Staff, relevance, participation, time , content

Some key language you can use… • The interview results…the survey results…my analysis of media…my analysis on women’s photos…. suggest that….reveals…shows…demonstrates… Indicates…. • Some of the common themes emerging in the data includes:…. • One of the most intriguing responses that X gave is…

Looking at research samples 1. Skim through the introduction sections of your sample research paper (at least know what the research questions are, and the methodology used to collect data) 2. Find the data analysis section of your sample articles. Data analysis is usually presented in sections titled as “Results”, “Analysis”, “Findings” 3. What are the results of the study? What themes did the researchers find? 4. Write a short paragraph summarizing the findings and results?

What is after data analysis?--Conclusions • Implications on education, criminology field, nursing etc. • Discussions…/conclusion • Future Directions

Identity Part 2 • Presentations by Nathosa and Sara

Assignments • Read Identity • Write draft of Data Analysis

Agenda, April 20th • Continue with Identity presentation on Globalization • Group definition of what globalization is • Final Presentation on Identity • Talking about your conclusions • Research sections

What is globalization? • Write your definition of globalization. What are the advantages and disadvantages? How does it affect your life?

Globalization A group of American tourists arrived in Italy not long ago. “Amazing!” one said to their tour guide, a friend of mine: “You have pizza here too.” A group of Japanese Boy Scouts landed in Chicago. “Amazing!” they told their troop leader. “They have McDonald’s here too.” http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/2000/culture/global/main.html

Videos on Globalization • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljbI-363A2Q • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWzxBkszN8k&feature=related

http://www.trap17.com/index.php/definition-globalization_t43538.htmlhttp://www.trap17.com/index.php/definition-globalization_t43538.html • Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such. --Thomas Friedman

Amin Maalouf’s take on globalization • He discusses the causal importance of what many perceive to be an American-led push toward globalization to generating a sense of humiliation, marginalization and alienation in members of non-western, non-hegemonic ethnic, religious and national groups. • After September 11th, he asks: “How can they [non-westerners] not feel their identities are threatened? That they are living in a world which belongs to others and obeys rules made by others, a world where they are orphans, strangers, intruders or pariahs?

Amin Maalouf’s definition Problems of Globalization A. Objections made to globalization usually belong to one of two categories: 1. Cultural impoverishment: some fear that globalization will lead to stagnation and a lack of individuality 2. Hegemony through the media: though there are many available newspapers, radio broadcasts, and television channels, it seems that instead of getting a wide variety of views and opinions, the prevailing opinion uses these outlets to drown out opposing viewpoints. Some people fear this trend will continue, and result not in a global culture, but in an American culture which has spread over the entire globe. B. Maalouf responds to each of these problems: 1. Maalouf contends that each individual has the ability to contribute to the new global culture, ensuring that it will not become uniform and stagnant, but a colorful place with elements of all cultures. 2. Maalouf states that hegemony is a real danger, and that it is the responsibility of each person to examine to what extent the global culture which is developing is a product of solely America and/or the West.

Pg. 121-127 A. Maalouf argues that in order to avoid violent backlash, the global culture must have elements which every person can identify with – everyone must be able to see a little piece of themselves in it. B. The speed and ease of communication makes it possible for everyone to work successfully to keep their culture alive and make it part of the global civilization.

Maalouf’s self-described task in this book is “to try to understand why so many people commit crimes nowadays in the name of religious, ethnic, national or some other kind of identity,” how what he calls “identities that kill” are made and sustained. • For Maalouf, the key condition that makes it possible for some to humiliate others is a failure to understand the true nature of identity. Identity, he reminds us, is neither monolithic nor static, “it is built up and changes throughout a person’s lifetime.” As such, it is a shifting composite of a great number of different, often conflicting, allegiances and attachments, including one’s allegiances to one’s family, neighborhood, village, and country, to one’s religious, ethnic, linguistic, and racial group, to one’s profession, favorite soccer team, or political movement.

By Harvard Human Rights Journal • Indeed, time and again, he returns to the point that we are not born but rather made—and make and remake ourselves—in relation to the world in which we live and the choices that it presents to us. It is a point that bears repeating, he says, because a failure to recognize the fluidity, multiplicity and malleability of identity is not only misguided but also dangerous. The danger is twofold. First, a failure to recognize the complexity, the multi-dimensionality, of the Other makes their dehumanization easier. Second, imposing on the Other a rigid, singular (and usually inferior) identity will provoke them, in anger and defiance, to pick up arms to ‘assert their identity.’ This, he says, is how ordinary men are “transformed into butchers.”

Assignments • Book Review on identity • Read at least TWO articles from each part • PASSWORD: selengl202

ENGL 202 Research Writing