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Appendix 2

Appendix 2. Bloodborne Pathogens. Bloodborne Pathogens. Disease-causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood. May be transmitted during exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs). OSHA. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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Appendix 2

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  1. Appendix 2 Bloodborne Pathogens

  2. Bloodborne Pathogens • Disease-causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood. • May be transmitted during exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs)

  3. OSHA • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • Provide standards to protect employees from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens

  4. Who Needs OSHA Training? • Any employee who has potential for occupational exposure to blood or OPIMs

  5. Who Needs OSHA Training? • Physicians • Physicians assistants • Nurses • Housekeepers in health care facilities • Blood bank personnel • EMT • Dentists • Dental hygienists • Fire Fighters • Law Enforcement

  6. Mode of Transmission • Transmitted when blood or OPIMs come in contact with mucous membranes or nonintact skin • Abrasions, burns, rashes, acne, paper cuts, hang nails

  7. Hepatitis B Virus • HBV can affect anyone • Each year in the U.S. 140,000-320,000 people will become infected • Steady decline • HBV vaccine • Prevention methods

  8. HBV Vaccine • Does NOT contain any live components • Given in 3 shots • All people who have routine occupational exposure to blood or OPIM have the right to receive it at no personal expense

  9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus • HIV is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • 2 types have been identified (HIV-1 & HIV-2) • Causes suppression of the immune system • Can lead to opportunistic infections and unusual types of cancer

  10. HIV-1 & HIV-2 • HIV-2 AIDS develops more slowly and may be milder • Predominately found in Africa • HIV-1 • Over 1,000,000 people infected in the United States

  11. HIV • NO VACCINATION • Testing is the only way to determine infection • HIV to AIDS may take 8-10 years • Cannot rely on symptoms • Many people who are infected experience no symptoms • AIDS symptoms are similar to other infections • Night sweats, weight loss, fever, fatigue, gland pain or swelling, and muscle or joint pain

  12. HIV • There is no cure • All testing should be done as soon as possible • Thereafter, periodically for at least 6 months • Usually become detectable within 3 months • 99.7% of exposures do not leas to infection

  13. Universal Precautions • An aggressive, standardized approach to infection control • Treat all human blood and body fluids as if they are known to contain bloodborne pathogens

  14. Materials That Require Universal Precautions • Blood • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluid • Synovial fluid • Pleural fluid • Saliva

  15. Materials That Do Not Require Universal Precautions • Feces • Nasal secretions • Sputum • Sweat • Tears • Urine • Vomitus

  16. Prevention • Hand washing • One of the most effective methods • Cleaning work surfaces • Tables and chairs • Protective coverings • floors • Sharps container • Needles, scalpels, etc. • Marked

  17. Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves • Masks • Aprons or smocks • Proper removal techniques

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